महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-9, chapter-6, verse-39
केशवे तु तदा याते धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
विसृज्य सर्वान्भ्रातॄंश्च पाञ्चालानथ सोमकान् ।
सुष्वाप रजनीं तां तु विशल्य इव कुञ्जरः ॥३९॥
विसृज्य सर्वान्भ्रातॄंश्च पाञ्चालानथ सोमकान् ।
सुष्वाप रजनीं तां तु विशल्य इव कुञ्जरः ॥३९॥
39. keśave tu tadā yāte dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
visṛjya sarvānbhrātṝṁśca pāñcālānatha somakān ,
suṣvāpa rajanīṁ tāṁ tu viśalya iva kuñjaraḥ.
visṛjya sarvānbhrātṝṁśca pāñcālānatha somakān ,
suṣvāpa rajanīṁ tāṁ tu viśalya iva kuñjaraḥ.
39.
keśave tu tadā yāte dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ visṛjya sarvān bhrātṛūn
ca pāñcālān atha somakān suṣvāpa
rajanīm tām tu viśalyaḥ iva kuñjaraḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ visṛjya sarvān bhrātṛūn
ca pāñcālān atha somakān suṣvāpa
rajanīm tām tu viśalyaḥ iva kuñjaraḥ
39.
tadā keśave yāte tu dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ sarvān bhrātṛūn ca pāñcālān
atha somakān visṛjya tām rajanīm
tu viśalyaḥ kuñjaraḥ iva suṣvāpa
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ sarvān bhrātṛūn ca pāñcālān
atha somakān visṛjya tām rajanīm
tu viśalyaḥ kuñjaraḥ iva suṣvāpa
39.
When Keśava had departed, King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja), after dismissing all his brothers, the Pāñcālas, and the Somakas, indeed slept that night like an elephant relieved of its spear.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- केशवे (keśave) - when Keśava (locative absolute construction) (in Keśava, regarding Keśava, when Keśava)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)
- तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
- याते (yāte) - having departed (having gone, departed)
- धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja) (King of dharma (natural law), Yudhiṣṭhira)
- युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava brother))
- विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having dismissed (having dismissed, having released, having abandoned)
- सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (his) (all, whole, entire)
- भ्रातृऊन् (bhrātṛūn) - (his) brothers (brothers)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas (the Pāñcālas (people from the Pāñcāla kingdom))
- अथ (atha) - and (then, thus, thereupon, also)
- सोमकान् (somakān) - the Somakas (the Somakas (a branch of the Pāñcālas))
- सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - slept (slept, fell asleep)
- रजनीम् (rajanīm) - that night (night)
- ताम् (tām) - that
- तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)
- विशल्यः (viśalyaḥ) - relieved of its spear (rid of a dart/spear, freed from trouble)
- इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)
- कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant
Words meanings and morphology
केशवे (keśave) - when Keśava (locative absolute construction) (in Keśava, regarding Keśava, when Keśava)
(proper noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of keśava
keśava - Keśava, an epithet of Krishna or Vishnu
Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'yāte'.
तु (tu) - but, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)
(indeclinable)
तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)
(indeclinable)
Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'dā' (suffix for time)
Note: Adverb of time.
याते (yāte) - having departed (having gone, departed)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of yāta
yāta - gone, departed, arrived
past passive participle
From root yā (to go) + kta suffix. Used here in a locative absolute construction.
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, indicating 'when Keśava had gone/departed'.
धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (dharma-rāja) (King of dharma (natural law), Yudhiṣṭhira)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja
dharmarāja - king of dharma (natural law/righteousness), a title of Yudhiṣṭhira; also Yama
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)
- dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
noun (masculine)
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - rājan – king, ruler
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'suṣvāpa'.
युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava brother))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira
yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas ('firm in battle')
Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)
- yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh - battle)
noun (feminine)
Root: yudh (class 4) - sthira – firm, steady, stable
adjective
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: In apposition to 'dharmarājaḥ'.
विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having dismissed (having dismissed, having released, having abandoned)
(indeclinable)
absolutive/gerund
From prefix vi- + root sṛj (to send forth) + lyp suffix (absolutive).
Prefix: vi
Root: sṛj (class 6)
सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (his) (all, whole, entire)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole, entire
Note: Agrees with 'bhrātṛūn', 'pāñcālān', and 'somakān'.
भ्रातृऊन् (bhrātṛūn) - (his) brothers (brothers)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ
bhrātṛ - brother
Note: Object of 'visṛjya'.
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
पाञ्चालान् (pāñcālān) - the Pāñcālas (the Pāñcālas (people from the Pāñcāla kingdom))
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla
pāñcāla - Pāñcāla, a country and its people in ancient India
Note: Object of 'visṛjya'.
अथ (atha) - and (then, thus, thereupon, also)
(indeclinable)
सोमकान् (somakān) - the Somakas (the Somakas (a branch of the Pāñcālas))
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of somaka
somaka - Somaka, a branch of the Pāñcāla tribe, or a specific king/clan
Note: Object of 'visṛjya'.
सुष्वाप (suṣvāpa) - slept (slept, fell asleep)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of svap
perfect (liṭ) 3rd person singular
Reduplicated perfect form of root svap. Initial 's' becomes 'ṣ' due to sandhi rules after 'su-' (implied from the perfect formation with a prefix-like reduplication) or internal sandhi rules.
Root: svap (class 2)
रजनीम् (rajanīm) - that night (night)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of rajanī
rajanī - night
Note: Object of duration for 'suṣvāpa'.
ताम् (tām) - that
(pronoun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, she, it
Note: Agrees with 'rajanīm'.
तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)
(indeclinable)
विशल्यः (viśalyaḥ) - relieved of its spear (rid of a dart/spear, freed from trouble)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of viśalya
viśalya - rid of a dart/arrow/spear, free from anxiety/trouble, relieved
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+śalya)
- vi – separation, without, free from
indeclinable - śalya – dart, spear, arrow, thorn, pain
noun (masculine/neuter)
Note: Agrees with 'kuñjaraḥ' and implicitly 'Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ' through simile.
इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)
(indeclinable)
Note: Particle indicating comparison.
कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kuñjara
kuñjara - elephant (literally 'roaming in mountain caves')
Note: The subject of comparison.