महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-55, verse-9

महास्वनाः सनिर्घातास्तुमुला रोमहर्षणाः ।
पेतुस्तथोल्काः शतशः स्फोटयन्त्यो नभस्तलम् ॥९॥

9. mahāsvanāḥ sanirghātāstumulā romaharṣaṇāḥ ,
petustatholkāḥ śataśaḥ sphoṭayantyo nabhastalam.

9. mahāsvanāḥ sanirghātāḥ tumulāḥ romaharṣaṇāḥ petuḥ
tathā ulkāḥ śataśaḥ sphoṭayantyaḥ nabhastalam

9. tathā mahāsvanāḥ sanirghātāḥ tumulāḥ romaharṣaṇāḥ
ulkāḥ śataśaḥ nabhastalam sphoṭayantyaḥ petuḥ

9. Hundreds of meteors fell, emitting great, thunderous, tumultuous, hair-raising sounds, as they burst open the firmament.

Words meanings summery:

• महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - having great sounds, very loud

• सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - with thunderous crashes, with loud noises, accompanied by roars

• तुमुलाः (tumulāḥ) - tumultuous, violent, terrifying, noisy

• रोमहर्षणाः (romaharṣaṇāḥ) - causing hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell

• तथा (tathā) - also, thus, in that manner

• उल्काः (ulkāḥ) - meteors, firebrands, flaming torches

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

• स्फोटयन्त्यः (sphoṭayantyaḥ) - bursting, exploding, cracking

• नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - surface of the sky, firmament, atmosphere

Words meanings and morphology

महास्वनाः (mahāsvanāḥ) - having great sounds, very loud

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - great sound, loud noise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ulkāḥ.

सनिर्घाताः (sanirghātāḥ) - with thunderous crashes, with loud noises, accompanied by roars

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sanirghāta

sanirghāta - accompanied by thunder/noise

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+nirghāta)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• nirghāta – thunder, noise, crash, clash
  noun (masculine)
  From nir-han, to strike down
  Prefix: nir
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with ulkāḥ.

तुमुलाः (tumulāḥ) - tumultuous, violent, terrifying, noisy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, violent, frightful, dreadful

रोमहर्षणाः (romaharṣaṇāḥ) - causing hair to stand on end, thrilling, horrifying

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of romaharṣaṇa

romaharṣaṇa - causing hair to bristle, thrilling, horrifying

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roman+harṣaṇa)

• roman – hair (on the body)
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing joy, thrilling, causing to bristle
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  causative derivative
  From causative root hṛṣ (to bristle, be thrilled)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

पेतुः (petuḥ) - fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Active, 3rd Person Plural

From root pat (Pāṇini 1.984)

Root: pat (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - also, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

उल्काः (ulkāḥ) - meteors, firebrands, flaming torches

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ulkā

ulkā - meteor, firebrand, flaming torch, meteorite

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

(indeclinable)

Suffix śas indicating distribution/manner.

स्फोटयन्त्यः (sphoṭayantyaḥ) - bursting, exploding, cracking

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sphoṭayat

sphoṭayat - bursting, causing to burst, cracking, causing to crack

Present Active Participle (feminine plural)

From causative root sphuṭ (to burst, split).

Root: sphuṭ (class 6)

नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - surface of the sky, firmament, atmosphere

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nabhastala

nabhastala - surface of the sky, firmament, atmospheric region

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nabhas+tala)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, cloud
  noun (neuter)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground, palm (of hand), sole (of foot)
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of sphoṭayantyaḥ.