महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-55, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो वाग्युद्धमभवत्तुमुलं जनमेजय ।
यत्र दुःखान्वितो राजा धृतराष्ट्रोऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato vāgyuddhamabhavattumulaṁ janamejaya ,
yatra duḥkhānvito rājā dhṛtarāṣṭro'bravīdidam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ vāgyuddham abhavat tumulam
janamejaya yatra duḥkhānvitaḥ rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ abravīt idam

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca.
janamejaya,
tataḥ tumulam vāgyuddham abhavat,
yatra duḥkhānvitaḥ rājā dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ idam abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "Thereafter, O Janamejaya, a tumultuous word-battle ensued, during which King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, afflicted by sorrow, spoke these words."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then, from that

• वाग्युद्धम् (vāgyuddham) - word-battle, verbal dispute

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it was

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce, noisy

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya, the addressee of the Mahabharata narration (O Janamejaya)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which, when

• दुःखान्वितः (duḥkhānvitaḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who is full of sorrow (accompanied by sorrow, sorrowful, distressed)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, father of Duryodhana (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• इदम् (idam) - this (following speech) (this)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyasa, narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then, from that

(indeclinable)

Root: tad

वाग्युद्धम् (vāgyuddham) - word-battle, verbal dispute

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāgyuddha

vāgyuddha - word-battle, verbal dispute, argument

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+yuddha)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac
• yuddha – battle, fight, combat
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Formed from root yudh (to fight) + suffix kta, used as a noun.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect tense

Imperfect active 3rd person singular of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, fierce, noisy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, violent, fierce

Note: Agrees with 'vāgyuddham'.

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya, the addressee of the Mahabharata narration (O Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king, grandson of Arjuna, auditor of the Mahabharata narration)

Note: An address to the listener.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which, when

(indeclinable)

Root: yad

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

दुःखान्वितः (duḥkhānvitaḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who is full of sorrow (accompanied by sorrow, sorrowful, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhānvita

duḥkhānvita - sorrowful, distressed, accompanied by sorrow

past passive participle

Compound of duḥkha (sorrow) and anvita (accompanied), which is P.P.P. of root i (to go) with upasarga anu.

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+anvita)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied, connected, endowed with
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Formed from root i (to go) with upasarga anu.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, father of Duryodhana (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (King of the Kauravas, father of Duryodhana)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  participle (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Formed from root dhṛ (to hold) + suffix kta.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, nation
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense

Imperfect active 3rd person singular of root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (following speech) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.