महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-55, verse-42

तं मत्तमिव मातङ्गं तलतालैर्नराधिपाः ।
भूयः संहर्षयां चक्रुर्दुर्योधनममर्षणम् ॥४२॥

42. taṁ mattamiva mātaṅgaṁ talatālairnarādhipāḥ ,
bhūyaḥ saṁharṣayāṁ cakrurduryodhanamamarṣaṇam.

42. tam mattam iva mātaṅgam talatālaiḥ narādhipāḥ
bhūyaḥ saṃharṣayāṃ cakruḥ duryodhanam amarṣaṇam

42. narādhipāḥ talatālaiḥ bhūyaḥ mattam mātaṅgam iva,
amarṣaṇam tam duryodhanam saṃharṣayāṃ cakruḥ

42. The kings, with the clapping of their hands, again greatly encouraged that indignant Duryodhana, who was like an intoxicated elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that)

• मत्तम् (mattam) - intoxicated (like an elephant) (intoxicated, frenzied, rutting (of an elephant))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - elephant

• तलतालैः (talatālaiḥ) - with claps of hands, by slapping palms

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, lords of men

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further

• संहर्षयाम् (saṁharṣayām) - causing to rejoice, incited

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (name of a king)

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - indignant, intolerant, impatient

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Duryodhana) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मत्तम् (mattam) - intoxicated (like an elephant) (intoxicated, frenzied, rutting (of an elephant))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, frantic, rutting, wild

Past Passive Participle

From root mad (to be intoxicated, to rejoice).

Root: mad (class 4)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

मातङ्गम् (mātaṅgam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātaṅga

mātaṅga - elephant (specifically a wild elephant, or a chieftain among elephants)

तलतालैः (talatālaiḥ) - with claps of hands, by slapping palms

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of talatāla

talatāla - clapping of hands, slapping of palms

Dvandva compound of tala (palm) and tāla (clapping).

Compound type : dvandva (tala+tāla)

• tala – palm of the hand, sole of the foot
  noun (masculine)
• tāla – clapping, sound, measure of time
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the means of incitement.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, lords of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, lord of men

Tatpuruṣa compound: nara (man) + adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'saṃharṣayāṃ cakruḥ'.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further

(indeclinable)

Avyaya (indeclinable). Comparative of bahu.

संहर्षयाम् (saṁharṣayām) - causing to rejoice, incited

(indeclinable)

Causative stem followed by an indeclinable suffix (ām).

From causative stem of hṛṣ (to be excited) with sam prefix. Forms a periphrastic perfect with cakruḥ.

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect active

Third person plural perfect active of root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + yodhana (fighter). One who is difficult to fight against.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - indignant, intolerant, impatient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - indignant, impatient, intolerant, irascible

From a (not) + marṣaṇa (forbearing, tolerant), from root mṛṣ (to bear).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• marṣaṇa – enduring, patient, tolerant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate)
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)