महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-55, verse-5

अहो दुःखं महत्प्राप्तं पुत्रेण मम संजय ।
एवमुक्त्वा स दुःखार्तो विरराम जनाधिपः ॥५॥

5. aho duḥkhaṁ mahatprāptaṁ putreṇa mama saṁjaya ,
evamuktvā sa duḥkhārto virarāma janādhipaḥ.

5. aho duḥkham mahat prāptam putreṇa mama sañjaya
evam uktvā saḥ duḥkhārtaḥ virarāma janādhipaḥ

5. sañjaya,
aho mahat duḥkham mama putreṇa prāptam.
evam uktvā saḥ duḥkhārtaḥ janādhipaḥ virarāma.

5. Oh, great suffering has come upon my son, Sañjaya. Having spoken thus, that king, overcome with grief, became silent.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!, ah!

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain, unhappiness

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, vast, mighty

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - has come upon (obtained, reached, gained, happened, fallen upon)

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya (proper noun)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - overcome with grief (afflicted by sorrow, distressed, suffering)

• विरराम (virarāma) - became silent (ceased, stopped, rested, became silent)

• जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - king, lord of men, sovereign

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!, ah!

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain, unhappiness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, unhappiness

महत् (mahat) - great, large, vast, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, important

present active participle

From √mah (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - has come upon (obtained, reached, gained, happened, fallen upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained, happened, fallen upon

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - by the son

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Variant of the first person pronoun 'aham'

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sanjaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from verb root √vac (to speak) with suffix -tvā

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - overcome with grief (afflicted by sorrow, distressed, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed, suffering

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √ṛ (to go, rise)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

विरराम (virarāma) - became silent (ceased, stopped, rested, became silent)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of viram

Perfect tense (lit) form of verb root √ram (to stop, rest) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: ram (class 1)

जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - king, lord of men, sovereign

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - king, lord of men, sovereign

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi