महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-55, verse-4

भूत्वा हि जगतो नाथो ह्यनाथ इव मे सुतः ।
गदामुद्यम्य यो याति किमन्यद्भागधेयतः ॥४॥

4. bhūtvā hi jagato nātho hyanātha iva me sutaḥ ,
gadāmudyamya yo yāti kimanyadbhāgadheyataḥ.

4. bhūtvā hi jagataḥ nāthaḥ hi anāthaḥ iva me sutaḥ
gadām udyamya yaḥ yāti kim anyat bhāgadheyataḥ

4. me sutaḥ jagataḥ nāthaḥ bhūtvā hi anāthaḥ iva
gadām udyamya yaḥ yāti kim anyat bhāgadheyataḥ

4. Though he has become the protector of the world, my son, like an orphan, goes forth wielding his mace. What else can this be but his destiny?

Words meanings summery:

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

• हि (hi) - though (concessive) (indeed, certainly, surely, because, for, though)

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world, of moving things

• नाथः (nāthaḥ) - protector (lord, master, protector, husband)

• हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, surely, because, for)

• अनाथः (anāthaḥ) - like an orphan (without a protector, helpless, orphan)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

• मे (me) - my (genitive) (to me, for me, my)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, child

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - wielding (having raised, having lifted, having taken up, wielding)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• याति (yāti) - goes forth (goes, walks, moves, proceeds)

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another, different

• भागधेयतः (bhāgadheyataḥ) - but his destiny (from destiny, by destiny, due to destiny)

Words meanings and morphology

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from verb root √bhū (to be, to become) with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - though (concessive) (indeed, certainly, surely, because, for, though)

(indeclinable)

जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world, of moving things

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

present active participle

Derived from verb root √gam (to go) with suffix -at

Root: gam (class 1)

नाथः (nāthaḥ) - protector (lord, master, protector, husband)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, husband

हि (hi) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, certainly, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

अनाथः (anāthaḥ) - like an orphan (without a protector, helpless, orphan)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anātha

anātha - without a protector, helpless, orphan

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+nātha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nātha – protector, lord
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (genitive) (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Variant of the first person pronoun 'aham'

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

From √sū (to give birth)

Root: sū (class 2)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - wielding (having raised, having lifted, having taken up, wielding)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from verb root √yam (to restrain, hold) with prefix 'ud'

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

याति (yāti) - goes forth (goes, walks, moves, proceeds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(interrogative pronoun)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, another, different

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

भागधेयतः (bhāgadheyataḥ) - but his destiny (from destiny, by destiny, due to destiny)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhāgadheya

bhāgadheya - destiny, fate, fortune, portion, share

Derived from 'bhāga' (share) + 'dheya' (to be placed)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhāga+dheya)

• bhāga – share, portion, lot, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• dheya – to be placed, belonging to, related to
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive
  From √dhā (to place, put)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Ablative ending -taḥ used as an indeclinable 'from' or 'by'