महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-26, verse-44

स गतासुर्महाराज पपात धरणीतले ।
नन्दयन्पाण्डवान्सर्वान्व्यथयंश्चापि तावकान् ॥४४॥

44. sa gatāsurmahārāja papāta dharaṇītale ,
nandayanpāṇḍavānsarvānvyathayaṁścāpi tāvakān.

44. saḥ gatasūḥ mahārāja papāta dharaṇītale nandayan
pāṇḍavān sarvān vyathayan ca api tāvakān

44. mahārāja saḥ gatasūḥ dharaṇītale papāta sarvān
pāṇḍavān nandayan ca api tāvakān vyathayan

44. O great king, he fell lifeless to the ground, bringing joy to all the Pāṇḍavas and distress to your troops as well.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Suśarmā (he, that)

• गतसूः (gatasūḥ) - lifeless, dead

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped

• धरणीतले (dharaṇītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

• नन्दयन् (nandayan) - making rejoice, bringing joy to

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• व्यथयन् (vyathayan) - afflicting, causing distress to, agitating

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• तावकान् (tāvakān) - your people, your troops

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Suśarmā (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

गतसूः (gatasūḥ) - lifeless, dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatasu

gatasu - lifeless, dead

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – life breath, spirit
  noun (masculine)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, monarch

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

पपात (papāta) - fell, dropped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

धरणीतले (dharaṇītale) - on the surface of the earth, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dharaṇītala

dharaṇītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharaṇī+tala)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, floor
  noun (neuter)

नन्दयन् (nandayan) - making rejoice, bringing joy to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nandayat

nandayat - causing to rejoice, pleasing

Causative Present Participle

Causative participle from root nand

Root: nand (class 1)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

व्यथयन् (vyathayan) - afflicting, causing distress to, agitating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathayat

vyathayat - causing pain, distressing

Causative Present Participle

Causative participle from root vyath

Root: vyath (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

तावकान् (tāvakān) - your people, your troops

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - thy, thine, your

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