महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-26, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
दुर्योधनो महाराज सुदर्शश्चापि ते सुतः ।
हतशेषौ तदा संख्ये वाजिमध्ये व्यवस्थितौ ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
duryodhano mahārāja sudarśaścāpi te sutaḥ ,
hataśeṣau tadā saṁkhye vājimadhye vyavasthitau.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca duryodhanaḥ mahārāja sudarśaḥ ca api te
sutaḥ hataśeṣau tadā saṃkhye vājimadhye vyavasthitau

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca mahārāja te sutaḥ duryodhanaḥ ca api
sudarśaḥ tadā saṃkhye vājimadhye hataśeṣau vyavasthitau

1. Sanjaya said: O great king, then in the battle, your son Duryodhana and Sudarśa, survivors of the slain, were situated amidst the horses.

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (Sanjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (introducing Sanjaya's speech) (he said, he spoke)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Dhritarashtra's eldest son) (Duryodhana (proper name))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• सुदर्शः (sudarśaḥ) - Sudarśa (proper name, Dhritarashtra's son) (Sudarśa (proper name), handsome, beautiful)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also, too (also, even, too)

• ते (te) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's) (your, of you)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - your son (son, child)

• हतशेषौ (hataśeṣau) - Duryodhana and Sudarśa, as the only ones remaining from those killed (survivors of the slain, those remaining from the killed)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (in the battle) (then, at that time)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in the ongoing battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

• वाजिमध्ये (vājimadhye) - in the thick of the cavalry battle (amidst the horses, in the midst of horses)

• व्यवस्थितौ (vyavasthitau) - were situated, remained standing (situated, stood, established)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya (the charioteer and narrator) (Sanjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name), victory, triumphant

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (introducing Sanjaya's speech) (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Indicative

Perfect 3rd person singular Parasmaipada form of root vac (class 2).

Root: vac (class 2)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (Dhritarashtra's eldest son) (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, lit. 'hard to fight with')

Note: Subject.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सुदर्शः (sudarśaḥ) - Sudarśa (proper name, Dhritarashtra's son) (Sudarśa (proper name), handsome, beautiful)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudarśa

sudarśa - Sudarśa (proper name), handsome, beautiful, easy to see

Note: Subject, paired with Duryodhana.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Duryodhana and Sudarsha.

अपि (api) - also, too (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your (referring to Dhritarashtra's) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of 'tava'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - your son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Derived from root sū (to bear, produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (and by implication, Sudarśa is also a son).

हतशेषौ (hataśeṣau) - Duryodhana and Sudarśa, as the only ones remaining from those killed (survivors of the slain, those remaining from the killed)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hataśeṣa

hataśeṣa - survivor of the slain, remaining from the killed

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hata+śeṣa)

• hata – killed, slain, struck
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike/slay).
  Root: han (class 2)
• śeṣa – remainder, rest, what is left
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Modifies (or is an apposition to) Duryodhana and Sudarśa.

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (in the battle) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in the ongoing battle (in battle, in conflict, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, war, combat, conflict

वाजिमध्ये (vājimadhye) - in the thick of the cavalry battle (amidst the horses, in the midst of horses)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vājimadhya

vājimadhya - midst of horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāji+madhya)

• vāji – horse, steed
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun (neuter)

व्यवस्थितौ (vyavasthitau) - were situated, remained standing (situated, stood, established)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - situated, standing, established, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefixes vi- and ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Duryodhana and Sudarśa.