महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-5

पीडितं प्रेक्ष्य राजानं सोदर्या भरतर्षभ ।
महत्या सेनया सार्धं परिवव्रुः स्म पार्षतम् ॥५॥

5. pīḍitaṁ prekṣya rājānaṁ sodaryā bharatarṣabha ,
mahatyā senayā sārdhaṁ parivavruḥ sma pārṣatam.

5. pīḍitam prekṣya rājānam sodaryāḥ bharatarṣabha
mahatyā senayā sārdham parivavruḥ sma pārṣatam

5. bharatarṣabha sodaryāḥ pīḍitam rājānam prekṣya
mahatyā senayā sārdham pārṣatam parivavruḥ sma

5. O best of Bharatas (bharatarṣabha), seeing the king (Duryodhana) thus afflicted, his brothers, accompanied by a vast army, surrounded Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna).

Words meanings summery:

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - Referring to Duryodhana being tormented by Dhṛṣṭadyumna's arrows. (tormented, afflicted, oppressed)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, perceiving, observing

• राजानम् (rājānam) - Referring to Duryodhana (king, ruler)

• सोदर्याः (sodaryāḥ) - Duryodhana's brothers (the Kauravas) (uterine brothers, born from the same womb)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - A respectful address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya. (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• महत्या (mahatyā) - with a great, by a large

• सेनया (senayā) - by an army, with an army

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

• परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped

• स्म (sma) - Used with present tense forms to denote past action, or with past forms to add emphasis. Here, with perfect. (particle indicating past tense)

• पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, whose father was Pṛṣata) (Pārṣata, son of Pṛṣata)

Words meanings and morphology

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - Referring to Duryodhana being tormented by Dhṛṣṭadyumna's arrows. (tormented, afflicted, oppressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, afflicted, pained, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

From root √pīḍ (to torment)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Participial adjective

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, perceiving, observing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root √īkṣ (to see) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राजानम् (rājānam) - Referring to Duryodhana (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

सोदर्याः (sodaryāḥ) - Duryodhana's brothers (the Kauravas) (uterine brothers, born from the same womb)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sodarya

sodarya - uterine brother, born of the same womb

Formed from 'sa-' (same) and 'udara' (womb) with '-ya' suffix.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - A respectful address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya. (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata lineage; India
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

महत्या (mahatyā) - with a great, by a large

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Declension of mahat in feminine instrumental singular

सेनया (senayā) - by an army, with an army

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they enveloped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vṛ

perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada, 3rd person plural

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

स्म (sma) - Used with present tense forms to denote past action, or with past forms to add emphasis. Here, with perfect. (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

पार्षतम् (pārṣatam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (son of Drupada, whose father was Pṛṣata) (Pārṣata, son of Pṛṣata)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Pārṣata

Pārṣata - descendant of Pṛṣata, son of Pṛṣata (an epithet for Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Derived from Pṛṣata with a patronymic suffix.