महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-31

सात्यकिः प्रेक्ष्य समरे मद्रराजं व्यवस्थितम् ।
विव्याध दशभिर्बाणैस्तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति चाब्रवीत् ॥३१॥

31. sātyakiḥ prekṣya samare madrarājaṁ vyavasthitam ,
vivyādha daśabhirbāṇaistiṣṭha tiṣṭheti cābravīt.

31. sātyakiḥ prekṣya samare madrarājam vyavasthitam
vivyādha daśabhiḥ bāṇaiḥ tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti ca abravīt

31. sātyakiḥ samare vyavasthitam madrarājam prekṣya
daśabhiḥ bāṇaiḥ vivyādha ca "tiṣṭha tiṣṭha" iti abravīt

31. Satyaki, having seen the Madra king positioned in battle, struck him with ten arrows and exclaimed, 'Halt! Halt!'

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

• समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

• मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - the Madra king, king of the Madras

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing, positioned, established

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck, he wounded

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stand! halt! remain!

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stand! halt! remain!

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating speech

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive of root ĪKṢ 'to see' with prefix PRA

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From SAM + Ṝ 'to go'

Prefix: sam

Root: Ṝ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

मद्रराजम् (madrarājam) - the Madra king, king of the Madras

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound: madra (Madra) + rāja (king).

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya' and 'vivyādha'.

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing, positioned, established

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - standing, positioned, established, arranged

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root STHĀ 'to stand' with prefixes VI and AVA

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'madrarājam'.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular of root VYADH 'to pierce'

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The subject is Satyaki.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Root: bhā

Note: Instrument of piercing.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stand! halt! remain!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative mood

Imperative 2nd person singular of root STHĀ 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - stand! halt! remain!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative mood

Imperative 2nd person singular of root STHĀ 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating speech

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude a quotation

Root: i

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular of root BRŪ 'to speak'

Root: brū (class 2)