महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-10

तथोभौ च यमौ युद्धे यमतुल्यपराक्रमौ ।
योधयामास राजेन्द्र वीर्येण च बलेन च ॥१०॥

10. tathobhau ca yamau yuddhe yamatulyaparākramau ,
yodhayāmāsa rājendra vīryeṇa ca balena ca.

10. tathā ubhau ca yamau yuddhe yama tulya parākramau
yodhayāmāsa rājendra vīryeṇa ca balena ca

10. tathā ca rājendra yamatulya parākramau ubhau
yamau yuddhe vīryeṇa ca balena ca yodhayāmāsa

10. And similarly, O king of kings, he (Śalya) fought against both the twins (Nakula and Sahadeva), whose prowess was equal to Yama (the god of death), with his own valor and might.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - similarly to how he afflicted the others (thus, so, in the same manner, similarly)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both Nakula and Sahadeva (both (masculine/dual))

• च (ca) - connecting to the previous statement (and, also)

• यमौ (yamau) - Nakula and Sahadeva, who were twins (the twins)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - the location of the action (in battle, in the fight)

• यम (yama) - Yama as a standard of power and fearlessness (Yama, the god of death; twin)

• तुल्य (tulya) - equal to Yama in valor (equal, similar to)

• पराक्रमौ (parākramau) - the valor of the twins (valor, prowess, might)

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - Śalya engaged the twins in battle (he made fight, he caused to fight, he fought (against))

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• वीर्येण (vīryeṇa) - Śalya's valor (by valor, with prowess, by strength)

• च (ca) - connecting 'valor' and 'strength' (and, also)

• बलेन (balena) - Śalya's physical might (by strength, with might)

• च (ca) - pairing 'valor' and 'strength' (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - similarly to how he afflicted the others (thus, so, in the same manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

उभौ (ubhau) - both Nakula and Sahadeva (both (masculine/dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Agrees with 'yamau'.

च (ca) - connecting to the previous statement (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यमौ (yamau) - Nakula and Sahadeva, who were twins (the twins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yama

yama - twin, Yama (god of death)

Note: Subject of the implied clause, object of Śalya's action.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - the location of the action (in battle, in the fight)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

यम (yama) - Yama as a standard of power and fearlessness (Yama, the god of death; twin)

(noun)

masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), controller, twin

Root: yam (class 1)

तुल्य (tulya) - equal to Yama in valor (equal, similar to)

(adjective)

masculine, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, like

पराक्रमौ (parākramau) - the valor of the twins (valor, prowess, might)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of parākrama

parākrama - valor, prowess, might, courage

Derived from 'kram' (to step) with 'parā' (away, forth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yama+tulya+parākrama)

• parā – away, forth, inverse
  indeclinable
• krama – step, stride, course, order
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kram' (to step)
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound adjective for 'yamau'.

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - Śalya engaged the twins in battle (he made fight, he caused to fight, he fought (against))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yodhayāmāsa

Perfect tense, Periphrastic Perfect (causative)

From causative root 'yudh' (to fight) + 'āmāsa'

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: The agent is implied as Śalya from the previous verse.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, Indra (name of a deity)
  noun (masculine)

वीर्येण (vīryeṇa) - Śalya's valor (by valor, with prowess, by strength)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, prowess, strength, heroism, energy

Note: Used as an adverbial modifier indicating the means.

च (ca) - connecting 'valor' and 'strength' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

बलेन (balena) - Śalya's physical might (by strength, with might)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, might, force

Note: Used as an adverbial modifier indicating the means.

च (ca) - pairing 'valor' and 'strength' (and, also)

(indeclinable)