महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-15

शल्यस्तु पीडितस्तेन स्वस्रीयेण महात्मना ।
नकुलं पीडयामास पत्रिभिर्नतपर्वभिः ॥१५॥

15. śalyastu pīḍitastena svasrīyeṇa mahātmanā ,
nakulaṁ pīḍayāmāsa patribhirnataparvabhiḥ.

15. śalyaḥ tu pīḍitaḥ tena svasrīyeṇa mahātmanā
nakulam pīḍayāmāsa patribhiḥ nataparvabhiḥ

15. tu tena mahātmanā svasrīyeṇa pīḍitaḥ śalyaḥ
patribhiḥ nataparvabhiḥ nakulam pīḍayāmāsa

15. But Shalya, afflicted by that great-souled (mahātman) nephew, in turn afflicted Nakula with winged arrows having well-formed shafts.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya, the maternal uncle of Nakula (Shalya (a proper name); dart, arrow)

• तु (tu) - but, indicating a contrasting action (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - afflicted (by Nakula) (oppressed, tormented, afflicted, distressed)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Nakula) (by him, by that)

• स्वस्रीयेण (svasrīyeṇa) - by his nephew (Nakula) (by his nephew (sister's son))

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Nakula) (by the great-souled, by the noble)

• नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula, one of the Pandavas (Nakula (a proper name))

• पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - Shalya afflicted (Nakula) (he afflicted, he harassed, he tormented)

• पत्रिभिः (patribhiḥ) - with winged arrows (with winged (arrows), with birds)

• नतपर्वभिः (nataparvabhiḥ) - with arrows having well-formed shafts/joints (with bent-jointed, with well-shaped knots (of arrows))

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya, the maternal uncle of Nakula (Shalya (a proper name); dart, arrow)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (a proper name); dart, arrow, spear

Note: Subject of the clause 'pīḍitaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indicating a contrasting action (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - afflicted (by Nakula) (oppressed, tormented, afflicted, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - oppressed, tormented, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pīḍ' (to vex, oppress)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'śalyaḥ'.

तेन (tena) - by him (Nakula) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nakula.

स्वस्रीयेण (svasrīyeṇa) - by his nephew (Nakula) (by his nephew (sister's son))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svasrīya

svasrīya - nephew (sister's son)

Note: Qualifies 'tena', referring to Nakula as Shalya's nephew.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Nakula) (by the great-souled, by the noble)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tena' and 'svasrīyeṇa', referring to Nakula.

नकुलम् (nakulam) - Nakula, one of the Pandavas (Nakula (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - Nakula (a proper name); mongoose

Note: Object of 'pīḍayāmāsa'.

पीडयामास (pīḍayāmāsa) - Shalya afflicted (Nakula) (he afflicted, he harassed, he tormented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of pīḍay

Causative stem

From root 'pīḍ' (to vex, oppress) with causative suffix 'ṇic'

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Periphrastic perfect with auxiliary 'āmāsa'.

पत्रिभिः (patribhiḥ) - with winged arrows (with winged (arrows), with birds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patrin

patrin - winged, furnished with wings; an arrow; a bird

Possessive suffix 'in' from 'patra' (wing, feather)

Note: Refers to arrows.

नतपर्वभिः (nataparvabhiḥ) - with arrows having well-formed shafts/joints (with bent-jointed, with well-shaped knots (of arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nataparvan

nataparvan - having bent or well-shaped joints/knots (of a reed or arrow shaft)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nata+parvan)

• nata – bent, curved, humble; well-formed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'nam' (to bend)
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – knot, joint, section (of a reed or arrow); festival
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'patribhiḥ'.