महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-39

तत्राद्भुतं परं चक्रे शल्यः शत्रुनिबर्हणः ।
यदेकः समरे शूरो योधयामास वै बहून् ॥३९॥

39. tatrādbhutaṁ paraṁ cakre śalyaḥ śatrunibarhaṇaḥ ,
yadekaḥ samare śūro yodhayāmāsa vai bahūn.

39. tatra adbhutam param cakre śalyaḥ śatrunibarhaṇaḥ
yat ekaḥ samare śūraḥ yodhayāmāsa vai bahūn

39. tatra śatrunibarhaṇaḥ śalyaḥ param adbhutam
cakre yat ekaḥ śūraḥ samare bahūn vai yodhayāmāsa

39. There, Shalya, the destroyer of enemies, performed a great wonder, namely that he alone, a hero, indeed fought against many in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wonder, a marvelous thing

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, greatest

• चक्रे (cakre) - did, made, performed

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

• शत्रुनिबर्हणः (śatrunibarhaṇaḥ) - destroyer of enemies

• यत् (yat) - introducing a subordinate clause explaining the wonder (that (conjunction), which)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, single

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• शूरः (śūraḥ) - hero, brave, valorous

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - caused to fight, fought

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• बहून् (bahūn) - many enemies/warriors (many, numerous)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Formed from tad (that) + suffix tra.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wonder, a marvelous thing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, extraordinary, a wonder

Note: Object of cakre.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, greatest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, supreme, highest, excellent

Note: Qualifies adbhutam.

चक्रे (cakre) - did, made, performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect past (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of a king, uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva, charioteer of Karṇa)

Note: Subject of cakre.

शत्रुनिबर्हणः (śatrunibarhaṇaḥ) - destroyer of enemies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrunibarhaṇa

śatrunibarhaṇa - destroyer of enemies, enemy-slayer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+nibarhaṇa)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• nibarhaṇa – destroying, crushing, killer
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun/action noun
  From root bṛh (to injure, kill) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: bṛh (class 7)

Note: Epithet for Shalya.

यत् (yat) - introducing a subordinate clause explaining the wonder (that (conjunction), which)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a subordinating conjunction here.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, alone, single

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Shalya).

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

शूरः (śūraḥ) - hero, brave, valorous

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valorous, hero, warrior

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Shalya).

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - caused to fight, fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of yudh

Causative Perfect

Perfect active form of the causative stem (yodhaya) of root yudh.

Root: yudh (class 4)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

बहून् (bahūn) - many enemies/warriors (many, numerous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, much

Note: Object of yodhayāmāsa, referring to 'many (enemies)'.