महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-28

अथान्यं रथमास्थाय सात्यकिः सत्यविक्रमः ।
पीडितान्पाण्डवान्दृष्ट्वा मद्रराजवशं गतान् ।
अभिदुद्राव वेगेन मद्राणामधिपं बली ॥२८॥

28. athānyaṁ rathamāsthāya sātyakiḥ satyavikramaḥ ,
pīḍitānpāṇḍavāndṛṣṭvā madrarājavaśaṁ gatān ,
abhidudrāva vegena madrāṇāmadhipaṁ balī.

28. atha anyam ratham āsthāya sātyakiḥ
satyavikramaḥ pīḍitān pāṇḍavān
dṛṣṭvā madrarājavaśam gatān
abhidudrāva vegena madrāṇām adhipam balī

28. atha satyavikramaḥ balī sātyakiḥ
anyam ratham āsthāya pīḍitān
madrarājavaśam gatān pāṇḍavān dṛṣṭvā
vegena madrāṇām adhipam abhidudrāva

28. Then, Satyaki, a man of true valor and great strength, having mounted another chariot, saw the Pāṇḍavas distressed and fallen under the sway of the Madra king. He then swiftly rushed towards the lord of the Madras.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover, herewith

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other, different

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken up, having resorted to

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki (name of a hero, a Yadava warrior)

• सत्यविक्रमः (satyavikramaḥ) - of true valor, whose prowess is real

• पीडितान् (pīḍitān) - tormented, distressed, oppressed

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• मद्रराजवशम् (madrarājavaśam) - under the control of the Madra king

• गतान् (gatān) - gone, fallen, reached a state

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - he rushed towards, he ran to

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, forcefully

• मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras (people/country)

• अधिपम् (adhipam) - the king, lord, chief

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover, herewith

(indeclinable)

अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - another, other, different

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root RAM 'to delight, sport'.

Root: ram

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having taken up, having resorted to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive from root STHĀ (to stand) with prefix Ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Satyaki (name of a hero, a Yadava warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki

सत्यविक्रमः (satyavikramaḥ) - of true valor, whose prowess is real

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavikrama

satyavikrama - of true valor, whose prowess is real

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+vikrama)

• satya – true, real
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'sat' (being) + 'ya' suffix. Lit. 'that which is'.
  Root: as (class 2)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, courage
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix VI + root KRAM 'to step'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Satyaki.

पीडितान् (pīḍitān) - tormented, distressed, oppressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, distressed, oppressed

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root PĪḌ 'to oppress'

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍavas.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the sons of Pandu, the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pandu, the Pandavas

Derived from Paṇḍu with a patronymic suffix 'a'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive of root DṚŚ 'to see'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मद्रराजवशम् (madrarājavaśam) - under the control of the Madra king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrarājavaśa

madrarājavaśa - control of the Madra king

Compound type : tatpurusha (madra+rāja+vaśa)

• madra – Madra (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• vaśa – control, power, sway, will
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Accusative of 'madrarājavaśa' indicating the state or destination of having fallen.

गतान् (gatān) - gone, fallen, reached a state

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, come, reached, become

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root GAM 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍavas.

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - he rushed towards, he ran to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhidru

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular of root DRU 'to run' with prefix ABHI

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, swiftly, forcefully

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force

From root VIJ 'to move quickly' or VĪ 'to move'

Root: vij (class 6)

मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras (people/country)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of madra

madra - Madra (name of a country/people)

अधिपम् (adhipam) - the king, lord, chief

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhipa

adhipa - lord, ruler, chief, king

Prefix ADHI + root PĀ 'to protect' or PĀ 'to drink' (less likely here)

Prefix: adhi

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhidudrāva'.

बली (balī) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

Derived from BALA 'strength' with suffix 'in'.

Note: Qualifies Satyaki.