महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-14, verse-29

आपतन्तं रथं तस्य शल्यः समितिशोभनः ।
प्रत्युद्ययौ रथेनैव मत्तो मत्तमिव द्विपम् ॥२९॥

29. āpatantaṁ rathaṁ tasya śalyaḥ samitiśobhanaḥ ,
pratyudyayau rathenaiva matto mattamiva dvipam.

29. āpatantam ratham tasya śalyaḥ samitiśobhanaḥ
pratyudyayau rathena eva mattaḥ mattam iva dvipam

29. samitiśobhanaḥ śalyaḥ tasya āpatantam ratham
rathena eva mattaḥ mattam dvipam iva pratyudyayau

29. Śalya, who was glorious in battle, advanced with his own chariot to meet Satyaki's approaching chariot, just as a maddened elephant meets another maddened elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, advancing, falling upon

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya (name of the king of Madras)

• समितिशोभनः (samitiśobhanaḥ) - brilliant in battle, glorious in assembly

• प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - he went forth to meet, he advanced against

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with a chariot

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• मत्तः (mattaḥ) - maddened, intoxicated, in rut

• मत्तम् (mattam) - maddened, intoxicated, in rut (accusative)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• द्विपम् (dvipam) - an elephant

Words meanings and morphology

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, advancing, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, advancing, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root PAT 'to fall' with prefix Ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root RAM 'to delight, sport'.

Root: ram

Note: Object of 'pratyudyayau' (implicitly, as it's the chariot being met).

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Possessive, 'his chariot'.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Shalya (name of the king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (king of Madras), dart, spear

Root: śal (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समितिशोभनः (samitiśobhanaḥ) - brilliant in battle, glorious in assembly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samitiśobhana

samitiśobhana - brilliant in battle, glorious in assembly

Compound type : tatpurusha (samiti+śobhana)

• samiti – assembly, council, battle, war
  noun (feminine)
  From prefix SAM + root I 'to go'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: i (class 2)
• śobhana – brilliant, splendid, beautiful, glorious
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of root ŚUBH 'to shine, to be splendid'
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Shalya.

प्रत्युद्ययौ (pratyudyayau) - he went forth to meet, he advanced against

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pratyud-i

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular of root I 'to go' with prefixes PRATI and UD

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: i (class 2)

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with a chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root RAM 'to delight, sport'.

Root: ram

Note: Instrument of action.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'with his own chariot'.

मत्तः (mattaḥ) - maddened, intoxicated, in rut

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - maddened, intoxicated, in rut, furious

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root MAD 'to be glad, to be drunk'

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies an implicit subject (Shalya, as compared to the elephant).

मत्तम् (mattam) - maddened, intoxicated, in rut (accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - maddened, intoxicated, in rut, furious

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root MAD 'to be glad, to be drunk'

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'dvipam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

द्विपम् (dvipam) - an elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'two-drinker' or 'two-tongued', referring to its trunk and mouth)

Compound of dvi ('two') and pā ('to drink').

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two
  numeral (neuter)
• pa – drinker, protector
  noun (masculine)
  From root PĀ 'to drink' or PĀ 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison.