महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-69, verse-41

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
श्रुत्वा तदप्रियं राजन्धृतराष्ट्रो महीपतिः ।
पपात भूमौ निश्चेष्टः कौरव्यः परमार्तिवान् ।
तथा सत्यव्रता देवी गान्धारी धर्मदर्शिनी ॥४१॥

41. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śrutvā tadapriyaṁ rājandhṛtarāṣṭro mahīpatiḥ ,
papāta bhūmau niśceṣṭaḥ kauravyaḥ paramārtivān ,
tathā satyavratā devī gāndhārī dharmadarśinī.

41. vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ uvāca śrutvā tat apriyam
rājan dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ mahīpatiḥ papāta bhūmau
niśceṣṭaḥ kauravyaḥ paramārtivān
tathā satyavratā devī gāndhārī dharmadarśinī

41. vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ uvāca rājan tat apriyam
śrutvā mahīpatiḥ kauravyaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
niśceṣṭaḥ paramārtivān bhūmau papāta tathā
satyavratā dharma-darśinī devī gāndhārī

41. Vaiśampayana said: O king (Janamejaya), upon hearing that unpleasant news, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the lord of the earth and descendant of Kuru, fell motionless to the ground, overcome with extreme distress. Similarly, Queen Gāndhārī, who was devoted to truth (satyavrata) and understood natural law (dharma), also fell.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampayana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the unpleasant news. (that)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable thing

• राजन् (rājan) - Janamejaya (the listener) (O king)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of the Kurus. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper noun))

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (lord of the earth, king)

• पपात (papāta) - fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• निश्चेष्टः (niśceṣṭaḥ) - motionless, inert, without effort

• कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (a descendant of Kuru)

• परमार्तिवान् (paramārtivān) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (deeply distressed, afflicted with extreme suffering)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, thus

• सत्यव्रता (satyavratā) - Refers to Gāndhārī. (devoted to truth, firm in vows)

• देवी (devī) - Refers to Gāndhārī. (goddess, queen, lady)

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Gāndhārī (proper noun))

• धर्मदर्शिनी (dharmadarśinī) - Refers to Gāndhārī, who possessed insight into righteousness. (seeing the (natural) law (dharma), righteous, understanding (natural law))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampayana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṁpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive

तत् (tat) - Refers to the unpleasant news. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable thing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful; a disagreeable thing

From a (not) + priya (dear, pleasing).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Prefix: a
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular, refers to the news.

राजन् (rājan) - Janamejaya (the listener) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Vocative singular.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of the Kurus. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name); 'he who holds the kingdom'

Compound: dhṛta (held) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (lord of the earth, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound: mahī (earth) + pati (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पपात (papāta) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil

Locative singular.

निश्चेष्टः (niśceṣṭaḥ) - motionless, inert, without effort

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśceṣṭa

niśceṣṭa - motionless, inactive, inert, without exertion

From nis (without) + ceṣṭā (movement, effort).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ceṣṭa)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix: nis
• ceṣṭa – motion, activity, effort
  noun (masculine)
  From root ceṣṭ (to move, to endeavor).
  Root: ceṣṭ (class 1)

कौरव्यः (kauravyaḥ) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (a descendant of Kuru)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kuru family

Derived from kuru (name of an ancient king).

Note: Appositive to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

परमार्तिवान् (paramārtivān) - Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (deeply distressed, afflicted with extreme suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramārtimat

paramārtimat - possessing extreme suffering, deeply distressed, greatly pained

Derived from the compound noun paramārti (extreme suffering) with the possessive suffix matup.

Note: Adjective derived from paramārti with matup suffix.

तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

सत्यव्रता (satyavratā) - Refers to Gāndhārī. (devoted to truth, firm in vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satyavrata

satyavrata - firm in truth, having truth as a vow, truthful

Compound: satya (truth) + vrata (vow).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vrata)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

देवी (devī) - Refers to Gāndhārī. (goddess, queen, lady)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady, divine female

Feminine form of deva.

Note: Appositive to Gāndhārī.

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Gāndhārī (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gāndhārī (proper name); a princess from Gāndhāra

Feminine patronymic or origin from Gāndhāra.

धर्मदर्शिनी (dharmadarśinī) - Refers to Gāndhārī, who possessed insight into righteousness. (seeing the (natural) law (dharma), righteous, understanding (natural law))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmadarśin

dharmadarśin - seeing or knowing natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous, discerning

Compound: dharma (natural law) + darśin (seeing). darśin is a noun/adjective derived from root dṛś (to see) + ṇini suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+darśin)

• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, knowing, showing, displaying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix ṇini.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)