महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-69, verse-40

एवमेष क्षयो वृत्तः सुमहाँल्लोमहर्षणः ।
तव दुर्मन्त्रिते राजन्नतीतं किं नु शोचसि ॥४०॥

40. evameṣa kṣayo vṛttaḥ sumahāँllomaharṣaṇaḥ ,
tava durmantrite rājannatītaṁ kiṁ nu śocasi.

40. evam eṣaḥ kṣayaḥ vṛttaḥ sumahān lomaharṣaṇaḥ
tava durmantrite rājan atītam kim nu śocasi

40. rājan tava durmantrite evam eṣaḥ sumahān
lomaharṣaṇaḥ kṣayaḥ vṛttaḥ atītam kim nu śocasi

40. O king, this immensely great, hair-raising destruction has thus occurred due to your bad counsel. Why do you now lament that which is already past?

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, loss, end

• वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - occurred, happened, passed

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, immense

• लोमहर्षणः (lomaharṣaṇaḥ) - hair-raising, horrifying

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• दुर्मन्त्रिते (durmantrite) - due to bad counsel, in ill counsel, by bad advice

• राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• अतीतम् (atītam) - the past, that which has passed

• किम् (kim) - what, why, how

• नु (nu) - now, indeed, then

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this (demonstrative pronoun)

क्षयः (kṣayaḥ) - destruction, loss, end

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, end, decline, loss

From root kṣi (to destroy).

Root: kṣi (class 5)

वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - occurred, happened, passed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, passed, been, taken place

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to be, to exist, to happen).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, excellent

Formed with su (good, very) + mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix: su
• mahat – great, large, immense
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to kṣayaḥ.

लोमहर्षणः (lomaharṣaṇaḥ) - hair-raising, horrifying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - hair-raising, thrilling, horrifying

From loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing bristling, thrilling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing bristling, thrilling, exciting
  adjective (masculine)
  causative present participle
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to bristle, rejoice) + ṇic + ana.
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuvac

yuvac - you (second person pronoun)

Genitive singular of yuvac.

दुर्मन्त्रिते (durmantrite) - due to bad counsel, in ill counsel, by bad advice

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of durmantrita

durmantrita - ill-counselled, badly advised; bad counsel, ill advice (noun, neuter)

Past Passive Participle

From dur (bad) + mantr (to counsel) + kta (PPP suffix). Here, it functions as a noun.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (dur+mantrita)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix: dur
• mantrita – counselled, advised
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mantr (to counsel, advise).
  Root: mantr (class 10)

राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अतीतम् (atītam) - the past, that which has passed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atīta

atīta - past, gone by, elapsed; the past (as noun)

Past Passive Participle

From ati (over, beyond) + root i (to go) + kta (PPP suffix).

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle used as noun.

किम् (kim) - what, why, how

(indeclinable)

Also functions as an interrogative pronoun. Here used as an interrogative adverb.

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb 'why'.

नु (nu) - now, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

An interrogative particle.

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Present Active

2nd person singular present active.

Root: śuc (class 1)