महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-21, verse-37

ते त्रसन्तो महेष्वासा रात्रियुद्धस्य भारत ।
अपयानं ततश्चक्रुः सहिताः सर्ववाजिभिः ॥३७॥

37. te trasanto maheṣvāsā rātriyuddhasya bhārata ,
apayānaṁ tataścakruḥ sahitāḥ sarvavājibhiḥ.

37. te trasantaḥ maheṣvāsāḥ rātriyuddhasya bhārata
apayānam tataḥ cakruḥ sahitāḥ sarva-vājibhiḥ

37. bhārata,
te maheṣvāsāḥ rātriyuddhasya trasantaḥ (santaḥ) tataḥ sarva-vājibhiḥ sahitāḥ apayānam cakruḥ

37. O Bhārata, those great archers, fearing the night battle, then made a retreat, accompanied by all their horses.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they (they, those)

• त्रसन्तः (trasantaḥ) - fearing (trembling, fearing, being afraid)

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers (great archers, mighty bowmen)

• रात्रियुद्धस्य (rātriyuddhasya) - of the night battle

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata (often referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra))

• अपयानम् (apayānam) - retreat (retreat, departure, going away)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made (they made, they did)

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with, united)

• सर्व-वाजिभिः (sarva-vājibhiḥ) - by all their horses (by all horses)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

pronominal stem

Note: Refers to the warriors.

त्रसन्तः (trasantaḥ) - fearing (trembling, fearing, being afraid)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trasat

trasat - trembling, fearing, being afraid

Present Active Participle

from root tras- (to tremble, fear), suffix -at

Root: tras (class 1)

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers (great archers, mighty bowmen)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - a great archer, mighty bowman

compound of mahat (great) and iṣvāsa (bowman)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+iṣvāsa)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣvāsa – bowman, archer
  noun (masculine)
  from iṣu (arrow) + āsa (throwing, or sitting upon, referring to holding a bow)
  Root: as (class 4)

रात्रियुद्धस्य (rātriyuddhasya) - of the night battle

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rātriyuddha

rātriyuddha - night battle, battle by night

compound of rātri (night) and yuddha (battle)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (rātri+yuddha)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – battle, war, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yudh- (to fight), suffix -ta, then used as a noun
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: object of fear.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata (often referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, a king of the Bharata dynasty

patronymic from Bharata

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Standard address in the Mahābhārata.

अपयानम् (apayānam) - retreat (retreat, departure, going away)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apayāna

apayāna - going away, departure, retreat

from prefix apa- (away) + yāna (going, journey)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (apa+yāna)

• apa – away, off, forth
  indeclinable
  prefix
• yāna – going, movement, vehicle
  noun (neuter)
  from root yā (to go), suffix -ana
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Form the phrase "to make a retreat".

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

formed from pronominal base tad- with suffix -tas

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect

perfect, third person plural, active voice, root kṛ-

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with, united)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, united, joined

Past Passive Participle

from prefix sa- (with) + root dhā- (to place, put) -> hita (placed, put) -> sahita

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Generally takes instrumental for accompaniment.

सर्व-वाजिभिः (sarva-vājibhiḥ) - by all their horses (by all horses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva-vājin

sarva-vājin - all horses

compound of sarva (all) and vājin (horse)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+vājin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• vājin – horse, swift, strong
  noun (masculine)
  from vāja (strength, speed, race) + -in suffix (possessing)