महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-21, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततः कर्णं पुरस्कृत्य त्वदीया युद्धदुर्मदाः ।
पुनरावृत्य संग्रामं चक्रुर्देवासुरोपमम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tataḥ karṇaṁ puraskṛtya tvadīyā yuddhadurmadāḥ ,
punarāvṛtya saṁgrāmaṁ cakrurdevāsuropamam.

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ karṇam puraskṛtya tvadīyāḥ
yuddhadurmadāḥ punarāvṛtya saṅgrāmam cakruḥ devāsurupamam

1. sañjaya uvāca tataḥ yuddhadurmadāḥ tvadīyāḥ karṇam
puraskṛtya punarāvṛtya devāsurupamam saṅgrāmam cakruḥ

1. Sañjaya said: 'Then your warriors, fierce in battle, returned with Karṇa at the forefront and engaged in a battle resembling that between gods and demons.'

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (name of a prominent warrior)

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having made the leader, making him prominent

• त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your people, your warriors, those belonging to you

• युद्धदुर्मदाः (yuddhadurmadāḥ) - fierce in battle, intoxicated by war, difficult to subdue in battle

• पुनरावृत्य (punarāvṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

• सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, fight, encounter

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they performed

• देवासुरुपमम् (devāsurupamam) - resembling (a battle of) gods and demons, like that of gods and demons

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad'.

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (name of a prominent warrior)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (name of Sūrya's son and Kuntī's firstborn)

Note: Object of 'puraskṛtya'.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed in front, having made the leader, making him prominent

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with prefix 'puras-' (in front of).

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates action prior to 'cakruḥ'.

त्वदीयाः (tvadīyāḥ) - your people, your warriors, those belonging to you

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvadīya

tvadīya - yours, belonging to you, your people, your side

Derived from 'tvad' (you) with suffix '-īya'.

Note: Subject of 'cakruḥ'.

युद्धदुर्मदाः (yuddhadurmadāḥ) - fierce in battle, intoxicated by war, difficult to subdue in battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yuddhadurmada

yuddhadurmada - fierce in battle, intoxicated by war, difficult to subdue in battle

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'yuddha' (battle) and 'durmada' (fierce, intoxicated, difficult to control).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuddha+durmada)

• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  From root 'yudh'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• durmada – hard to subdue, proud, arrogant, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound 'dur' (difficult) + 'mada' (intoxication, pride).
  Prefix: dus

Note: Modifies 'tvadīyāḥ'.

पुनरावृत्य (punarāvṛtya) - having turned back, having returned

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'vṛt' (to turn) with prefix 'ā-' and adverb 'punar' (again).

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action preceding 'cakruḥ'.

सङ्ग्रामम् (saṅgrāmam) - battle, fight, encounter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, fight, war, encounter

From root 'gram' (to go) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'ā-'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cakruḥ'. 'cakruḥ saṅgrāmam' means 'they fought a battle'.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they did, they made, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the sentence. With 'saṅgrāmam', it means 'they fought a battle'.

देवासुरुपमम् (devāsurupamam) - resembling (a battle of) gods and demons, like that of gods and demons

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of devāsurupama

devāsurupama - resembling a battle of gods and demons

Compound 'devāsura' (gods and demons) + 'upama' (comparison, simile).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (devāsura+upama)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, titan
  noun (masculine)
• upama – comparison, resemblance, simile
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: upa

Note: Compound modifying 'saṅgrāmam'.