महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-21, verse-36

तमसा च महाराज रजसा च विशेषतः ।
न किंचित्प्रत्यपश्याम शुभं वा यदि वाशुभम् ॥३६॥

36. tamasā ca mahārāja rajasā ca viśeṣataḥ ,
na kiṁcitpratyapaśyāma śubhaṁ vā yadi vāśubham.

36. tamasā ca mahārāja rajasā ca viśeṣataḥ na
kiṃcit pratyapaśyāma śubham vā yadi vā aśubham

36. mahārāja,
tamasā ca rajasā ca viśeṣataḥ,
(vayam) śubham vā yadi vā aśubham kiṃcit na pratyapaśyāma

36. O great king, due to the darkness and especially due to the dust, we could not perceive anything, whether auspicious or inauspicious.

Words meanings summery:

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (by darkness, by gloom)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (from battle) (by dust, by dirt, by gloom, by passion (guṇa))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, in particular)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (anything, something, a little)

• प्रत्यपश्याम (pratyapaśyāma) - we could perceive (we saw, we perceived)

• शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious (good, auspicious, beautiful)

• वा (vā) - whether (or, either)

• यदि (yadi) - whether (if, whether)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अशुभम् (aśubham) - inauspicious (inauspicious, bad, evil)

Words meanings and morphology

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (by darkness, by gloom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia (guṇa)

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Denotes the cause.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine stem of mahat
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya.

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (from battle) (by dust, by dirt, by gloom, by passion (guṇa))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, mist, cloud, gloom, passion, activity (guṇa)

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Denotes the cause.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly, in particular)

(indeclinable)

formed with suffix -tas from viśeṣa (distinction, particularity)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

negation particle

Note: Negates the verb.

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (anything, something, a little)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṃcid

kiṁcid - anything, something, a little

neuter nominative/accusative singular of indefinite pronoun kiṃcid

Note: Object of `pratyapaśyāma`.

प्रत्यपश्याम (pratyapaśyāma) - we could perceive (we saw, we perceived)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratipaś

Imperfect

imperfect, first person plural, active voice, root paś- (from dṛś) with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is implicit "we" (Sañjaya and others).

शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious (good, auspicious, beautiful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, fortunate, beautiful, bright

Root: śubh (class 1)

वा (vā) - whether (or, either)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

यदि (yadi) - whether (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

conjunction, conditional particle

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

अशुभम् (aśubham) - inauspicious (inauspicious, bad, evil)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśubha

aśubha - inauspicious, unlucky, bad, evil

negation of śubha with prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śubha)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śubha – auspicious, good, fortunate, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Coordinate with `śubham`.