महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-15, verse-40

द्विपस्य पादाग्रकरान्स पञ्चभिर्नृपस्य बाहू च शिरोऽथ च त्रिभिः ।
जघान षड्भिः षडृतूत्तमत्विषः स पाण्ड्यराजानुचरान्महारथान् ॥४०॥

40. dvipasya pādāgrakarānsa pañcabhi;rnṛpasya bāhū ca śiro'tha ca tribhiḥ ,
jaghāna ṣaḍbhiḥ ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣaḥ; sa pāṇḍyarājānucarānmahārathān.

40. dvipasya pādāgrakarān saḥ pañcabhiḥ
nṛpasya bāhū ca śiraḥ atha ca tribhiḥ
jaghāna ṣaḍbhiḥ ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣaḥ
saḥ pāṇḍyarājānucarān mahārathān

40. saḥ pañcabhiḥ (bāṇaiḥ) dvipasya pādāgrakarān
(jaghāna); ca tribhiḥ (bāṇaiḥ) nṛpasya bāhū atha
ca śiraḥ (jaghāna); saḥ ṣaḍbhiḥ (bāṇaiḥ)
ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣaḥ pāṇḍyarājānucarān mahārathān jaghāna

40. He killed the elephant's four feet and trunk with five (arrows), and the king's two arms and head with three (arrows). With six (arrows), he struck down the Pāṇḍya king's great charioteer followers, who possessed a radiance like the finest of the six seasons.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विपस्य (dvipasya) - owner of the parts being killed (of the elephant)

• पादाग्रकरान् (pādāgrakarān) - the five parts (4 feet + 1 trunk) of the elephant's body (feet, forelegs, and trunk (of an elephant))

• सः (saḥ) - the warrior/agent performing the action (he, that)

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five arrows (with five)

• नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - possessive, indicating whose arms and head (of the king)

• बाहू (bāhū) - the king's two arms (two arms)

• च (ca) - connects 'arms' and 'head' (and, also)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - the king's head (head)

• अथ (atha) - indicates sequence (then, next, afterwards)

• च (ca) - connects 'head' with the previous parts (and, also)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three arrows (with three)

• जघान (jaghāna) - he killed (with arrows) (he struck, he killed, he destroyed)

• षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - with six arrows (with six)

• षडृतूत्तमत्विषः (ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣaḥ) - describing the Pāṇḍya king's charioteers, implying youthful beauty or brilliance (having the splendor/radiance of the best of the six seasons)

• सः (saḥ) - the warrior/agent performing the action (he, that)

• पाण्ड्यराजानुचरान् (pāṇḍyarājānucarān) - the charioteers who served the Pāṇḍya king (followers of the Pāṇḍya king)

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - qualifying the Pāṇḍya king's followers as mighty warriors (great charioteers, great warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

द्विपस्य (dvipasya) - owner of the parts being killed (of the elephant)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (lit. 'drinker twice', referring to its trunk)

From dvi (twice) + pa (drinker, from pā root).

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Possessive, indicating whose limbs are being attacked.

पादाग्रकरान् (pādāgrakarān) - the five parts (4 feet + 1 trunk) of the elephant's body (feet, forelegs, and trunk (of an elephant))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pādāgrakara

pādāgrakara - feet and trunk (lit. 'foot-foremost-hand')

Describes an elephant's limbs, specifically the four feet and the trunk.

Compound type : Dvandva (pāda+agra+kara)

• pāda – foot
  noun (masculine)
• agra – front, tip, foremost
  noun (neuter)
• kara – hand, trunk (of an elephant)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of 'jaghāna'.

सः (saḥ) - the warrior/agent performing the action (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of tad.

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five arrows (with five)

(numeral)

Note: Indicates the means by which the action is performed.

नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - possessive, indicating whose arms and head (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'man-protector')

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector).

Root: pā (class 1)

बाहू (bāhū) - the king's two arms (two arms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

Note: Direct object.

च (ca) - connects 'arms' and 'head' (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - the king's head (head)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

s-stem noun.

Note: Direct object.

अथ (atha) - indicates sequence (then, next, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - connects 'head' with the previous parts (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice in this line to connect items in a list.

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three arrows (with three)

(numeral)

Note: Indicates the means by which the action is performed.

जघान (jaghāna) - he killed (with arrows) (he struck, he killed, he destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Active

Reduplicated past tense (Perfect) from root han.

Root: han (class 2)

षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - with six arrows (with six)

(numeral)

Note: Indicates the means by which the action is performed.

षडृतूत्तमत्विषः (ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣaḥ) - describing the Pāṇḍya king's charioteers, implying youthful beauty or brilliance (having the splendor/radiance of the best of the six seasons)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣ

ṣaḍṛtūttamatviṣ - having the brilliance of the best of the six seasons

Compound. ṣaṭ (six) + ṛtu (season) + uttama (best) + tviṣ (splendor).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ṣaṭ+ṛtu+uttama+tviṣ)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
  ṭ is the sandhi form of ṣ.
• ṛtu – season
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative of ut.
• tviṣ – splendor, brilliance, light
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tviṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pāṇḍyarājānucarān mahārathān'.

सः (saḥ) - the warrior/agent performing the action (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative singular masculine form of tad.

पाण्ड्यराजानुचरान् (pāṇḍyarājānucarān) - the charioteers who served the Pāṇḍya king (followers of the Pāṇḍya king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍyarājānucara

pāṇḍyarājānucara - attendant/follower of the Pāṇḍya king

Compound. pāṇḍya (Pāṇḍya dynasty) + rājan (king) + anucara (follower).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍya+rājan+anucara)

• pāṇḍya – pertaining to the Pāṇḍya kingdom/dynasty
  adjective/proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• anucara – follower, attendant, companion
  noun (masculine)
  From anu-car (to follow).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'jaghāna'.

महारथान् (mahārathān) - qualifying the Pāṇḍya king's followers as mighty warriors (great charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, hero (lit. 'great chariot')

Compound. mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  From root ram (to delight) or rādh (to prepare).

Note: Direct object, appositional to 'pāṇḍyarājānucarān'.