महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-15, verse-12

आभाष्य चैनं मधुरमभि नृत्यन्नभीतवत् ।
प्राह प्रहरतां श्रेष्ठः स्मितपूर्वं समाह्वयन् ॥१२॥

12. ābhāṣya cainaṁ madhuramabhi nṛtyannabhītavat ,
prāha praharatāṁ śreṣṭhaḥ smitapūrvaṁ samāhvayan.

12. ābhāṣya ca enam madhuram abhi nṛtyan abhītavat
prāha praharatām śreṣṭhaḥ smitapūrvam samāhvayan

12. ca praharatām śreṣṭhaḥ enam madhuram ābhāṣya abhi
nṛtyan abhītavat na smitapūrvam samāhvayan prāha

12. And, having addressed him sweetly, dancing on the battlefield as if fearless, the best among warriors spoke with a smile, challenging him (to combat).

Words meanings summery:

• आभाष्य (ābhāṣya) - having addressed, having spoken to

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him

• मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweetly, gently

• अभि (abhi) - towards, on, regarding

• नृत्यन् (nṛtyan) - dancing

• अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - like one not afraid, fearlessly

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

• प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of those striking, of warriors

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent

• स्मितपूर्वम् (smitapūrvam) - preceded by a smile, with a smile

• समाह्वयन् (samāhvayan) - inviting, challenging

Words meanings and morphology

आभाष्य (ābhāṣya) - having addressed, having spoken to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

formed from root √bhāṣ with prefix ā- and suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

मधुरम् (madhuram) - sweetly, gently

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here (neuter accusative singular).

अभि (abhi) - towards, on, regarding

(indeclinable)

नृत्यन् (nṛtyan) - dancing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛtyat

nṛtyat - dancing

Present Active Participle

present active participle of root √nṛt

Root: nṛt (class 4)

अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - like one not afraid, fearlessly

(indeclinable)

formed from abhīta (fearless) with the suffix -vat (like, as if)

प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of prāha

Perfect tense form of √brū with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of those striking, of warriors

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of praharat

praharat - striking, attacking, a warrior, fighter

Present Active Participle

present active participle of √hṛ with pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, supreme

superlative degree of praśasya (excellent)

स्मितपूर्वम् (smitapūrvam) - preceded by a smile, with a smile

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (smita+pūrva)

• smita – smile, smiling
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  past passive participle of √smi
  Root: smi (class 1)
• pūrva – prior, earlier, preceded by, former
  adjective

समाह्वयन् (samāhvayan) - inviting, challenging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhvayat

samāhvayat - calling together, challenging, inviting

Present Active Participle

present active participle of √hve (or √hu) with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: hve (class 1)