महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-56, verse-30

यस्तं द्वेष्टि स मां द्वेष्टि यस्तमनु स मामनु ।
इति संकल्प्यतां बुद्ध्या शरीरार्धं ममार्जुनः ॥३०॥

30. yastaṁ dveṣṭi sa māṁ dveṣṭi yastamanu sa māmanu ,
iti saṁkalpyatāṁ buddhyā śarīrārdhaṁ mamārjunaḥ.

30. yaḥ tam dveṣṭi saḥ mām dveṣṭi yaḥ tam anu saḥ mām
anu iti saṅkalpyatām buddhyā śarīrārdham mama arjunaḥ

30. yaḥ tam dveṣṭi saḥ mām dveṣṭi yaḥ tam anu saḥ mām
anu iti buddhyā saṅkalpyatām arjunaḥ mama śarīrārdham

30. Whoever hates him, hates me; whoever follows him, follows me. Therefore, let it be resolved by your understanding that Arjuna is half of my body.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Arjuna) (him, that)

• द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - he hates, detests

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• माम् (mām) - me, to me

• द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - he hates, detests

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Arjuna) (him, that)

• अनु (anu) - follows or is devoted to (functioning as a verb) (after, along, toward, (as a verb prefix) to follow, to imitate, to be devoted to)

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• माम् (mām) - me, to me

• अनु (anu) - follows or is devoted to (functioning as a verb) (after, along, toward, (as a verb prefix) to follow, to imitate, to be devoted to)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• सङ्कल्प्यताम् (saṅkalpyatām) - let it be resolved, let it be determined, let it be conceived

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, by understanding, by the mind

• शरीरार्धम् (śarīrārdham) - half of my body (predicate for Arjuna) (half of the body)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of 'dveṣṭi'.

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of 'dveṣṭi'.

द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - he hates, detests

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dviṣ

present active

Root 'dviṣ' (class 2) + 3rd singular active ending '-ti'.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Subject of 'dveṣṭi'.

माम् (mām) - me, to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of 'dveṣṭi'.

द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - he hates, detests

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dviṣ

present active

Root 'dviṣ' (class 2) + 3rd singular active ending '-ti'.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of the implied verb (follows).

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Arjuna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of 'anu'.

अनु (anu) - follows or is devoted to (functioning as a verb) (after, along, toward, (as a verb prefix) to follow, to imitate, to be devoted to)

(indeclinable)

Can function as a preposition, adverb, or verb prefix. Here, it takes the place of a verb with an implied auxiliary verb 'asti' (is).

Note: Functions here as a predicate, implying 'follows' or 'is devoted to'.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Subject of the implied verb (follows).

माम् (mām) - me, to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Object of 'anu'.

अनु (anu) - follows or is devoted to (functioning as a verb) (after, along, toward, (as a verb prefix) to follow, to imitate, to be devoted to)

(indeclinable)

Can function as a preposition, adverb, or verb prefix. Here, it takes the place of a verb with an implied auxiliary verb 'asti' (is).

Note: Functions here as a predicate, implying 'follows' or 'is devoted to'.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Particle marking quotation or conclusion.

सङ्कल्प्यताम् (saṅkalpyatām) - let it be resolved, let it be determined, let it be conceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of saṅkalp

imperative passive

From root 'kḷp' (class 1) with prefix 'sam-'. Passive stem 'kalpyate', imperative 3rd singular ending '-tām'.

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intelligence, by understanding, by the mind

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intelligence, understanding, perception, mind

From root 'budh' (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'saṅkalpyatām'.

शरीरार्धम् (śarīrārdham) - half of my body (predicate for Arjuna) (half of the body)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīrārdha

śarīrārdha - half of the body

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarīra+ardha)

• śarīra – body
  noun (neuter)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate for Arjuna, here in the nominative case.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Qualifies 'śarīrārdham'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silvery

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

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