महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-56, verse-18

अर्जुनेन प्रतिज्ञातमार्तेन हतबन्धुना ।
जयद्रथं हनिष्यामि श्वोभूत इति दारुक ॥१८॥

18. arjunena pratijñātamārtena hatabandhunā ,
jayadrathaṁ haniṣyāmi śvobhūta iti dāruka.

18. arjunena pratijñātam ārtena hatabandhunā
jayadrathaṃ haniṣyāmi śvobhūta iti dāruka

18. dāruka ārtena hatabandhunā arjunena iti
pratijñātam: jayadrathaṃ śvobhūta haniṣyāmi

18. O Daruka, Arjuna, distressed and with his kinsmen slain, made this vow: 'I will kill Jayadratha tomorrow!'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• प्रतिज्ञातम् (pratijñātam) - vowed, promised, declared

• आर्तेन (ārtena) - by the distressed, by the suffering

• हतबन्धुना (hatabandhunā) - by one whose kinsmen are slain

• जयद्रथं (jayadrathaṁ) - Jayadratha

• हनिष्यामि (haniṣyāmi) - I will kill, I shall strike

• श्वोभूत (śvobhūta) - tomorrow, on the morrow, occurring tomorrow

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote or thought (thus, so, in this way)

• दारुक (dāruka) - O Daruka (Krishna's charioteer) (O Daruka)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear; a name of the Pandava prince, son of Pandu and Kunti

Note: Agent of 'pratijñātam'.

प्रतिज्ञातम् (pratijñātam) - vowed, promised, declared

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - vowed, promised, agreed upon, recognized

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root jñā (to know) with upasarga prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The subject of this passive construction is the 'vow' itself, which is implied by 'iti'.

आर्तेन (ārtena) - by the distressed, by the suffering

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'arjunena'.

हतबन्धुना (hatabandhunā) - by one whose kinsmen are slain

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hatabandhu

hatabandhu - one whose kinsmen or relatives have been killed

Bahuvrihi compound: hata (slain) + bandhu (kinsman).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+bandhu)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'arjunena'.

जयद्रथं (jayadrathaṁ) - Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - name of a king, son-in-law of Dhritarashtra

Compound: jaya (victory) + ratha (chariot).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+ratha)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'haniṣyāmi'.

हनिष्यामि (haniṣyāmi) - I will kill, I shall strike

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of han

Future tense, 1st person singular, active voice.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'I' (Arjuna).

श्वोभूत (śvobhūta) - tomorrow, on the morrow, occurring tomorrow

(indeclinable)

Compound of śvas (tomorrow) and bhūta (become/being). Often used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvas+bhūta)

• śvas – tomorrow
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, existed, occurred
  adjective/participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating time.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a direct quote or thought (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

दारुक (dāruka) - O Daruka (Krishna's charioteer) (O Daruka)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dāruka

dāruka - name of Krishna's charioteer

Note: A form of address.