महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-28, verse-39

स तु विष्टभ्य गात्राणि दन्ताभ्यामवनिं ययौ ।
नदन्नार्तस्वरं प्राणानुत्ससर्ज महाद्विपः ॥३९॥

39. sa tu viṣṭabhya gātrāṇi dantābhyāmavaniṁ yayau ,
nadannārtasvaraṁ prāṇānutsasarja mahādvipaḥ.

39. saḥ tu viṣṭabhya gātrāṇi dantābhyām avanim yayau
nadan ārtasvaram prāṇān utsasarja mahādvipaḥ

39. तु सः महाद्विपः गात्राणि विष्टभ्य दन्ताभ्याम्
अवनिम् ययौ आर्तस्वरम् नदन् प्राणान् उत्ससर्ज

39. That great elephant, bracing its limbs, fell to the ground on its tusks; trumpeting a painful cry, it gave up its life (prāṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• विष्टभ्य (viṣṭabhya) - having propped up, having braced, having supported

• गात्राणि (gātrāṇi) - limbs, body parts

• दन्ताभ्याम् (dantābhyām) - with his two tusks (with his two tusks, with his two teeth)

• अवनिम् (avanim) - the earth, ground

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, he reached, he attained

• नदन् (nadan) - trumpeting (roaring, trumpeting, sounding loudly)

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - with a painful sound/cry

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his life, vital airs, breaths (prāṇa)

• उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - he gave up, he released, he discharged

• महाद्विपः (mahādvipaḥ) - the great elephant

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

विष्टभ्य (viṣṭabhya) - having propped up, having braced, having supported

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive formed from the root stambh (स्तम्भ्) with prefix vi (वि).

Prefix: vi

Root: stambh (class 9)

गात्राणि (gātrāṇi) - limbs, body parts

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gātra

gātra - limb, body

दन्ताभ्याम् (dantābhyām) - with his two tusks (with his two tusks, with his two teeth)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of danta

danta - tooth, tusk

अवनिम् (avanim) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avani

avani - earth, ground, soil

ययौ (yayau) - he went, he reached, he attained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the root yā (या).

Root: yā (class 2)

नदन् (nadan) - trumpeting (roaring, trumpeting, sounding loudly)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding, trumpeting

Present Active Participle

Present active participle (nominative singular masculine) of the root nad (नद्) 'to roar, sound'.

Root: nad (class 1)

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - with a painful sound/cry

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - painful sound, distressed cry

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ārta+svara)

• ārta – pained, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛ (ऋ) 'to suffer, to pain'.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - his life, vital airs, breaths (prāṇa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, spirit

उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - he gave up, he released, he discharged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ut-sṛj

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the root sṛj (सृज्) with prefix ut (उत्).

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

महाद्विपः (mahādvipaḥ) - the great elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādvipa

mahādvipa - great elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+dvipa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dvipa – elephant (lit. 'drinker with two' - referring to its two trunks/tusks for water)
  noun (masculine)