महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-28, verse-22

ततोऽर्जुनं वासुदेवः प्रत्युवाचार्थवद्वचः ।
शृणु गुह्यमिदं पार्थ यथा वृत्तं पुरानघ ॥२२॥

22. tato'rjunaṁ vāsudevaḥ pratyuvācārthavadvacaḥ ,
śṛṇu guhyamidaṁ pārtha yathā vṛttaṁ purānagha.

22. tataḥ arjunam vāsudevaḥ prati uvāca artha-vat vacaḥ
śṛṇu guhyam idam pārtha yathā vṛttam purā anagha

22. tataḥ vāsudevaḥ arjunam artha-vat vacaḥ prati uvāca.
he pārtha,
he anagha,
yathā purā vṛttam,
idam guhyam śṛṇu.

22. Then Vāsudeva replied to Arjuna with meaningful words. "Listen, O Pārtha, to this secret, how it happened in the past, O sinless one."

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (as son of Vasudeva) (Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

• प्रति (prati) - in response to (to, towards, in response to)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he replied (he said, he spoke)

• अर्थ-वत् (artha-vat) - meaningful (meaningful, significant, purposeful)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (as a collective noun) (word, speech, saying)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - this secret (as a noun) (secret, hidden)

• इदम् (idam) - this (secret) (this)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, how, just as)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened (happened, occurred, transpired)

• पुरा (purā) - in the past (formerly, in ancient times, before)

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (O sinless one, faultless)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a proper name), white, clear

Note: Object of 'prati uvāca' (replied to).

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa (as son of Vasudeva) (Vasudeva (Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Kṛṣṇa

Derived from Vasudeva (father's name) + aṇ

Note: Subject of 'prati uvāca'.

प्रति (prati) - in response to (to, towards, in response to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used adverbially with 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he replied (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with 'prati' to mean "replied".

अर्थ-वत् (artha-vat) - meaningful (meaningful, significant, purposeful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of artha-vat

artha-vat - meaningful, significant, substantial, purposeful

Taddhita suffix -vat (possessing) added to artha (meaning).

Compound type : taddhita (artha+vat)

• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
• vat – having, possessing, like
  suffix

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (as a collective noun) (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, declaration

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada

From root 'śru' (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Addresses Arjuna.

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - this secret (as a noun) (secret, hidden)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious, to be concealed

Gerundive

From root 'guh' (to hide) with suffix '-ya'

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

इदम् (idam) - this (secret) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, agrees with 'guhyam'.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā + aṇ

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

यथा (yathā) - how (as, how, just as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a clause explaining 'how' it happened.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - happened (happened, occurred, transpired)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - happened, occurred, transpired, being, existed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to be, exist, happen)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implies 'it happened'.

पुरा (purā) - in the past (formerly, in ancient times, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Specifies time.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one (O sinless one, faultless)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure, innocent

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'agha' (sin, fault).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, fault, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Epithet for Arjuna.