महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-28, verse-10

ततश्छत्रं ध्वजं चैव छित्त्वा राज्ञोऽर्जुनः शरैः ।
विव्याध दशभिस्तूर्णमुत्स्मयन्पर्वताधिपम् ॥१०॥

10. tataśchatraṁ dhvajaṁ caiva chittvā rājño'rjunaḥ śaraiḥ ,
vivyādha daśabhistūrṇamutsmayanparvatādhipam.

10. tataḥ chatram dhvajam ca eva chittvā rājñaḥ arjunaḥ
śaraiḥ vivyādha daśabhiḥ tūrṇam utsmayan parvatādhipam

10. tataḥ arjunaḥ rājñaḥ chatram dhvajam ca eva śaraiḥ
chittvā utsmayan tūrṇam daśabhiḥ parvatādhipam vivyādha

10. Then Arjuna, after cutting down the king's umbrella and banner with his arrows, quickly pierced the lord of mountains (Bhagadatta) with ten (arrows), smiling as he did so.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• छत्रम् (chatram) - umbrella (umbrella, parasol, canopy)

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag, standard)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - also (indeed, only, even)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut (having cut, after cutting)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Bhagadatta) (of the king)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince))

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, wounded, struck)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (with ten (plural instrumental))

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

• उत्स्मयन् (utsmayan) - smiling (smiling, laughing)

• पर्वताधिपम् (parvatādhipam) - the lord of mountains (Bhagadatta) (lord of mountains, king of mountains)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

छत्रम् (chatram) - umbrella (umbrella, parasol, canopy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chatra

chatra - umbrella, parasol

Root: chad (class 10)

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag, standard)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - also (indeed, only, even)

(indeclinable)

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut (having cut, after cutting)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed from root chid with suffix -tvā, indicating a completed action before the main verb.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Functions as an indeclinable, expressing an action completed prior to the main verb.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Bhagadatta) (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna, white, clear

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Root: śṛ (class 1)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced (pierced, wounded, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vivyadh

Perfect

Third person singular active Perfect form of root vyadh with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (with ten (plural instrumental))

(numeral)

Note: Modifies implicit 'arrows'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root tvar (to hasten), used adverbially.

Root: tvar (class 1)

उत्स्मयन् (utsmayan) - smiling (smiling, laughing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utsmay

utsmay - to smile, laugh

Present Active Participle

Present participle (śatṛ) of root smi with prefix 'ud', masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: ud

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying Arjuna.

पर्वताधिपम् (parvatādhipam) - the lord of mountains (Bhagadatta) (lord of mountains, king of mountains)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvatādhipa

parvatādhipa - lord of mountains, mountain king

Compound type : tatpurusha (parvata+adhipa)

• parvata – mountain
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: dhā (class 3)