महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-28, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
तथा क्रुद्धः किमकरोद्भगदत्तस्य पाण्डवः ।
प्राग्ज्योतिषो वा पार्थस्य तन्मे शंस यथातथम् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
tathā kruddhaḥ kimakarodbhagadattasya pāṇḍavaḥ ,
prāgjyotiṣo vā pārthasya tanme śaṁsa yathātatham.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca tathā kruddhaḥ kim akarot bhagadattasya
pāṇḍavaḥ prāgjyotiṣaḥ vā pārthasya tat me śaṃsa yathātatham

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca tathā kruddhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ bhagadattasya kim
akarot vā prāgjyotiṣaḥ pārthasya tat me śaṃsa yathātatham

1. Dhritarashtra said: 'Being thus enraged, what did the Pandava (Arjuna) do to Bhagadatta? Or what did the king of Pragjyotisha do to Partha (Arjuna)? Tell me that exactly as it happened.'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अकरोत् (akarot) - did, made

• भगदत्तस्य (bhagadattasya) - of Bhagadatta

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pandu, descendant of Pandu)

• प्राग्ज्योतिषः (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) - Bhagadatta, king of Pragjyotisha (king of Pragjyotisha)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna (of Partha)

• तत् (tat) - this matter, these events (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

• यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, exactly, as it happened

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - The blind king, father of the Kauravas (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - name of the blind king of Hastinapura, father of Duryodhana

Compound 'dhṛta' (held) + 'rāṣṭra' (kingdom). 'One whose kingdom is held'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, supported, borne
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

Root 'vac' (to speak), 2nd class. Irregular Perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative of 'tad'

Note: Qualifies 'kruddhaḥ'

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Interrogative pronoun/adverb

Note: Object of 'akarot'

अकरोत् (akarot) - did, made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root 'kṛ' (to do), 8th class, Parasmaipada

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भगदत्तस्य (bhagadattasya) - of Bhagadatta

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - name of the king of Pragjyotisha

Compound 'bhaga' (fortune) + 'datta' (given)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaga+datta)

• bhaga – fortune, prosperity, divine grace, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• datta – given, granted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dā' (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implies 'to Bhagadatta' or 'against Bhagadatta' in this context

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pandu, descendant of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pandu (like Arjuna, Bhima, Yudhishthira, Nakula, Sahadeva)

Derived from 'paṇḍu' with 'aṇ' suffix indicating 'descendant'

Note: Subject of 'akarot'

प्राग्ज्योतिषः (prāgjyotiṣaḥ) - Bhagadatta, king of Pragjyotisha (king of Pragjyotisha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāgjyotiṣa

prāgjyotiṣa - belonging to Pragjyotisha, king of Pragjyotisha (an ancient kingdom)

Derived from 'prāgjyotiṣa' (name of a country)

Note: Subject of implied 'akarot'

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects two interrogative clauses

पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Arjuna (of Partha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna

Derived from 'pṛthā' (Kunti) with 'aṇ' suffix

Note: Implies 'to Partha' or 'against Partha'

तत् (tat) - this matter, these events (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'śaṃsa'

मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person pronoun

Note: Indirect object of 'śaṃsa'

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell, declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

Imperative (Loṭ)

Root 'śaṃs' (to praise, tell), 1st class

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

यथातथम् (yathātatham) - truly, exactly, as it happened

(indeclinable)

Adverbial compound of 'yathā' and 'tathā'

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tathā)

• yathā – as, just as, in which way
  indeclinable
• tathā – so, thus, in that way
  indeclinable

Note: Qualifies 'śaṃsa'