महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-28, verse-20

यद्यहं व्यसनी वा स्यामशक्तो वा निवारणे ।
ततस्त्वयैवं कार्यं स्यान्न तु कार्यं मयि स्थिते ॥२०॥

20. yadyahaṁ vyasanī vā syāmaśakto vā nivāraṇe ,
tatastvayaivaṁ kāryaṁ syānna tu kāryaṁ mayi sthite.

20. yadi aham vyasanī vā syām aśaktaḥ vā nivāraṇe tataḥ
tvayā evam kāryam syāt na tu kāryam mayi sthite

20. yadi aham vyasanī vā aśaktaḥ vā nivāraṇe syām,
tataḥ evam kāryam tvayā syāt; tu mayi sthite kāryam na.

20. If I were indeed afflicted or unable to prevent it, then this task should be performed by you; but it should certainly not be performed while I am present.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अहम् (aham) - I

• व्यसनी (vyasanī) - afflicted (afflicted, addicted, unfortunate)

• वा (vā) - or

• स्याम् (syām) - I were (conditional) (I might be, I should be)

• अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - unable (unable, powerless)

• वा (vā) - or

• निवारणे (nivāraṇe) - in preventing (it) (in preventing, in warding off, in hindering)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (in that case) (then, therefore, from that)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - this task (as a noun) (task, duty, to be done, work)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (done) (it should be, it might be)

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - the task (task, duty, to be done, work)

• मयि (mayi) - while I am (present) (in me, on me, while I am)

• स्थिते (sthite) - while I am present (being, standing, present, remaining)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my (first person pronoun)

व्यसनी (vyasanī) - afflicted (afflicted, addicted, unfortunate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyasanin

vyasanin - afflicted, addicted, unfortunate, distressed

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

स्याम् (syām) - I were (conditional) (I might be, I should be)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative mood, 1st person singular, Parasmaipada

From root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - unable (unable, powerless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - unable, powerless, incapable

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (not) and 'śakta' (capable, able). Śakta is PPP of śak (to be able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• śakta – able, capable, strong
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śak' (to be able)
  Root: śak (class 5)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

निवारणे (nivāraṇe) - in preventing (it) (in preventing, in warding off, in hindering)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of nivāraṇa

nivāraṇa - preventing, warding off, hindering, restraining

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, restrain) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the action of preventing something.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (in that case) (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Agent in passive construction 'kāryaṃ syāt'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - this task (as a noun) (task, duty, to be done, work)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, work, business, task

Gerundive

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ya' indicating 'to be done'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as a noun here.

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (done) (it should be, it might be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

From root 'as' (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with 'kāryam' (neuter nominative) to form a passive-like construction: 'the task should be'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - the task (task, duty, to be done, work)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, work, business, task

Gerundive

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ya' indicating 'to be done'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मयि (mayi) - while I am (present) (in me, on me, while I am)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my (first person pronoun)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'sthite'.

स्थिते (sthite) - while I am present (being, standing, present, remaining)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, being, present, remaining, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'mayi'. Agrees with 'mayi' in case and number.