महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-43

वध्यमाना महाराज पाण्डवेन यशस्विना ।
सैनिका न्यपतन्नुर्व्यां वातनुन्ना इव द्रुमाः ॥४३॥

43. vadhyamānā mahārāja pāṇḍavena yaśasvinā ,
sainikā nyapatannurvyāṁ vātanunnā iva drumāḥ.

43. vadhyamānāḥ mahārāja pāṇḍavena yaśasvinā
sainikāḥ nyapatan urvyām vātanunnāḥ iva drumāḥ

43. mahārāja,
yaśasvinā pāṇḍavena vadhyamānāḥ sainikāḥ vātanunnāḥ drumāḥ iva urvyām nyapatan.

43. O great king, as they were being struck down by the glorious son of Pāṇḍu, the soldiers fell to the ground like trees uprooted by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck down, being slaughtered

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king, O emperor

• पाण्डवेन (pāṇḍavena) - by the son of Pāṇḍu, by Arjuna

• यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - fell down

• उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the ground, on the earth

• वातनुन्नाः (vātanunnāḥ) - wind-blown, driven by the wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck down, being slaughtered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck down

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root √vadh (to strike, kill) with suffix -yamāna.

Root: vadh (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king, O emperor

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

पाण्डवेन (pāṇḍavena) - by the son of Pāṇḍu, by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Vr̥ddhi derivation from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

यशस्विना (yaśasvinā) - by the glorious, by the famous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, celebrated

From yaśas (fame) + -vin (possessive suffix).

Note: Qualifies Pāṇḍavena.

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, belonging to an army

From senā (army) + -ika.

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person plural, active voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The 'n' is from the upasarga 'ni' before the root 'apatan'.

उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground

वातनुन्नाः (vātanunnāḥ) - wind-blown, driven by the wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vātanunna

vātanunna - driven by the wind, wind-blown

Past Passive Participle

From vāta (wind) and √nud (to push, drive).

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (vāta+nunna)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• nunna – pushed, driven, impelled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √nud (to push).
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Qualifies sainikāḥ and drumāḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree