महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-37

स बभौ राक्षसो राजन्भिन्नाञ्जनचयोपमः ।
रुरोधार्जुनमायान्तं प्रभञ्जनमिवाद्रिराट् ।
किरन्बाणगणान्राजञ्शतशोऽर्जुनमूर्धनि ॥३७॥

37. sa babhau rākṣaso rājanbhinnāñjanacayopamaḥ ,
rurodhārjunamāyāntaṁ prabhañjanamivādrirāṭ ,
kiranbāṇagaṇānrājañśataśo'rjunamūrdhani.

37. sa babhau rākṣasaḥ rājan
bhinnāñjanacayopamaḥ rurodha arjunam āyāntam
prabhañjanam iva adrirāṭ kiran
bāṇagaṇān rājan śataśaḥ arjunamūrdhani

37. rājan saḥ rākṣasaḥ bhinnāñjanacayopamaḥ babhau rājan (saḥ) arjunamūrdhani bāṇagaṇān śataśaḥ kiran,
āyāntam arjunam prabhañjanam iva adrirāṭ rurodha

37. That demon, O King, shone like a heap of broken collyrium. O King, showering hundreds of arrows upon Arjuna's head, he obstructed the approaching Arjuna just as a great mountain obstructs a strong wind.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - referring to the demon (he, that)

• बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon

• राजन् (rājan) - addressed to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King!)

• भिन्नाञ्जनचयोपमः (bhinnāñjanacayopamaḥ) - describing the dark appearance of the demon (resembling a heap of broken collyrium)

• रुरोध (rurodha) - the demon obstructed Arjuna (he obstructed, he blocked)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - the Pandava prince Arjuna (Arjuna (accusative))

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - Arjuna who was advancing (approaching, coming (accusative))

• प्रभञ्जनम् (prabhañjanam) - the strong wind in the simile (a strong wind, a hurricane)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अद्रिराट् (adrirāṭ) - the great mountain in the simile (great mountain, king of mountains)

• किरन् (kiran) - the demon showering arrows (scattering, showering)

• बाणगणान् (bāṇagaṇān) - the arrows being showered by the demon (multitudes of arrows, heaps of arrows)

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - quantifying the arrows showered (by hundreds, hundreds of)

• अर्जुनमूर्धनि (arjunamūrdhani) - the target of the demon's arrows (on Arjuna's head)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - referring to the demon (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `babhau` and `rurodha`.

बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhā

Perfect Active Indicative

Reduplicated perfect from root `bhā`.

Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Main verb for 'sa rākṣasaḥ'.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, ogre, a being belonging to the rākṣasa class

Note: Subject of `babhau`.

राजन् (rājan) - addressed to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Used twice in the verse as an address.

भिन्नाञ्जनचयोपमः (bhinnāñjanacayopamaḥ) - describing the dark appearance of the demon (resembling a heap of broken collyrium)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhinnāñjanacayopama

bhinnāñjanacayopama - like (upama) a heap (caya) of broken (bhinna) collyrium (añjana)

Compound: `bhinna-añjana` (tatpurusha), `bhinnāñjana-caya` (tatpurusha), `bhinnāñjanacaya-upama` (tatpurusha).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhinna+añjana+caya+upama)

• bhinna – broken, split, fractured
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `bhid` 'to break' with suffix `kta`.
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• añjana – collyrium, antimony (black eye-salve)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: añj (class 7)
• caya – heap, pile, collection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ci (class 5)
• upama – like, resembling, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `rākṣasaḥ`.

रुरोध (rurodha) - the demon obstructed Arjuna (he obstructed, he blocked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of rudh

Perfect Active Indicative

Reduplicated perfect from root `rudh`.

Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Main verb for 'sa rākṣasaḥ'.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - the Pandava prince Arjuna (Arjuna (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince), white, silvery

Note: Object of `rurodha`.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - Arjuna who was advancing (approaching, coming (accusative))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming, advancing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `yā` 'to go' with prefix `ā-` and suffix `śatṛ`.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `arjunam`.

प्रभञ्जनम् (prabhañjanam) - the strong wind in the simile (a strong wind, a hurricane)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhañjana

prabhañjana - strong wind, hurricane, destroyer

From root `bhañj` 'to break' with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Part of the simile, object of `rurodha` in the analogy.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अद्रिराट् (adrirāṭ) - the great mountain in the simile (great mountain, king of mountains)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adrirāj

adrirāj - king of mountains, great mountain

Derived from `adri` (mountain) and `rājan` (king).

Compound type : tatpurusha (adri+rājan)

• adri – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject in the simile.

किरन् (kiran) - the demon showering arrows (scattering, showering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kirat

kirat - scattering, strewing, showering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `kṛ` 'to scatter' with suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (the demon).

बाणगणान् (bāṇagaṇān) - the arrows being showered by the demon (multitudes of arrows, heaps of arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṇagaṇa

bāṇagaṇa - collection/multitude of arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (bāṇa+gaṇa)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – multitude, collection, group
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `kiran`.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - quantifying the arrows showered (by hundreds, hundreds of)

(indeclinable)

Suffix `śas` used to form adverbs of number.

Note: Modifies `kiran` and `bāṇagaṇān`.

अर्जुनमूर्धनि (arjunamūrdhani) - the target of the demon's arrows (on Arjuna's head)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arjunamūrdhan

arjunamūrdhan - Arjuna's head

Compound type : tatpurusha (arjuna+mūrdhan)

• arjuna – Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, summit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Location where arrows are showered.