महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-15

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अथैनं धनुषोऽग्रेण तुदन्भूयोऽब्रवीद्वचः ।
एषोऽर्जुनो रणे यत्तो युध्यते कुरुभिः सह ।
तत्र गच्छस्व माद्रेय गृहं वा यदि मन्यसे ॥१५॥

15. athainaṁ dhanuṣo'greṇa tudanbhūyo'bravīdvacaḥ ,
eṣo'rjuno raṇe yatto yudhyate kurubhiḥ saha ,
tatra gacchasva mādreya gṛhaṁ vā yadi manyase.

15. atha enam dhanuṣaḥ agreṇa tudan bhūyaḥ
abravīt vacaḥ eṣaḥ arjunaḥ raṇe
yattaḥ yudhyate kurubhiḥ saha tatra
gacchasva mādreya gṛham vā yadi manyase

15. atha dhanuṣaḥ agreṇa enam tudan bhūyaḥ
vacaḥ abravīt eṣaḥ arjunaḥ raṇe
kurubhiḥ saha yattaḥ yudhyate mādreya
yadi manyase tatra vā gṛham gacchasva

15. Then, prodding him with the tip of his bow, he spoke further words: 'This Arjuna is vigorously engaged in battle, fighting with the Kurus. O son of Madri, go there, or return home, if you wish.'

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, therefore, thus)

एनम् (enam) - him (Sahadeva) (him, this one)

धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

अग्रेण (agreṇa) - with the tip (of the bow) (with the tip, by the front part, by means of the front)

तुदन् (tudan) - prodding (prodding, piercing, tormenting)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further (again, further, repeatedly)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (Arjuna) (this, this one)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper noun))

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

यत्तः (yattaḥ) - vigorously engaged (engaged, striving, prepared, careful)

युध्यते (yudhyate) - fights (he fights, he combats)

कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - with the Kurus

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

तत्र (tatra) - there (where Arjuna is fighting) (there, in that place)

गच्छस्व (gacchasva) - go (go (you))

माद्रेय (mādreya) - O son of Madri (Sahadeva) (O son of Madri)

गृहम् (gṛham) - home (home, house)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

मन्यसे (manyase) - you wish / you think it proper (you think, you believe, you consider)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, therefore, thus)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Sahadeva) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Masculine accusative singular form of 'idam'.

धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Can also be ablative singular. Context indicates genitive.

अग्रेण (agreṇa) - with the tip (of the bow) (with the tip, by the front part, by means of the front)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of agra

agra - tip, front, top, beginning

Note: Also masculine form possible.

तुदन् (tudan) - prodding (prodding, piercing, tormenting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tudant

tudant - prodding, piercing, tormenting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √tud (class 6, 'to prod, strike') with the suffix -at.

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: It is a participle acting as an adjective modifying the implicit subject (he, referring to Karna).

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further (again, further, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular active of root √brū (class 2).

Root: brū (class 2)

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Can also be nominative singular. Context indicates accusative.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (Arjuna) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of 'etad'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince); white, clear

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

यत्तः (yattaḥ) - vigorously engaged (engaged, striving, prepared, careful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatta

yatta - engaged, striving, prepared, careful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √yam ('to restrain, control') + past participle suffix -ta. Here meaning 'exerted, diligent'.

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Arjuna.

युध्यते (yudhyate) - fights (he fights, he combats)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

Present Middle

Present 3rd person singular middle voice (ātmanepada) of root √yudh (class 4).

Root: yudh (class 4)

कुरुभिः (kurubhiḥ) - with the Kurus

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants); a specific region

Note: Plural form used to refer to the Kuru lineage.

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there (where Arjuna is fighting) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

गच्छस्व (gacchasva) - go (go (you))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Imperative Middle

Imperative 2nd person singular middle voice (ātmanepada) of root √gam (class 1, ga-prefix, but here the 'cchas' formation of present stem is visible).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The active form would be 'gaccha'.

माद्रेय (mādreya) - O son of Madri (Sahadeva) (O son of Madri)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādreya

mādreya - son of Madri, a patronymic (e.g., Nakula, Sahadeva)

Derived from 'Madrī' (name of a princess) with a patronymic suffix.

Note: Vocative singular.

गृहम् (gṛham) - home (home, house)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling