महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-28

तस्मिंस्तु निहते वीरे विराटो रथसत्तमः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं तमेव ध्वजमालिनम् ॥२८॥

28. tasmiṁstu nihate vīre virāṭo rathasattamaḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ tameva dhvajamālinam.

28. tasmin tu nihate vīre virāṭaḥ rathasattamaḥ
āruruha ratham tūrṇam tam eva dhvajamālinam

28. tu tasmin vīre nihate virāṭaḥ rathasattamaḥ
tūrṇam tam eva dhvajamālinam ratham āruruha

28. But when that hero was killed, Virāṭa, the most excellent charioteer, quickly mounted that very chariot, which was adorned with banners.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that hero (Śatānīka) (in that, on that, to him)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• निहते (nihate) - killed, struck down

• वीरे (vīre) - in that hero (Śatānīka) (in the hero, to the hero)

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa

• रथसत्तमः (rathasattamaḥ) - best among charioteers, most excellent in chariots

• आरुरुह (āruruha) - he mounted, he ascended

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• तम् (tam) - that very chariot (that, him)

• एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

• ध्वजमालिनम् (dhvajamālinam) - adorned with banners, garlanded with flags

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that hero (Śatānīka) (in that, on that, to him)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Śatānīka.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

निहते (nihate) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with upasarga 'ni' and past participle suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tasmin vīre'. Locative absolute construction.

वीरे (vīre) - in that hero (Śatānīka) (in the hero, to the hero)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Refers to Śatānīka.

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king)

Note: Subject of 'āruruha'.

रथसत्तमः (rathasattamaḥ) - best among charioteers, most excellent in chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathasattama

rathasattama - best among charioteers, excellent in chariots

Compound of 'ratha' and 'sattama' (superlative of 'sat').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+sattama)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, excellent).

Note: Adjective for 'virāṭaḥ'.

आरुरुह (āruruha) - he mounted, he ascended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ruh

Perfect (Liṭ) Active Voice (parasmaipada) 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root 'ruh' (to climb) with upasarga 'ā'. Reduplication in perfect tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'virāṭaḥ'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'āruruha'.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'āruruha'.

तम् (tam) - that very chariot (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to 'ratham'.

एव (eva) - indeed, very, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'tam' (that very one).

ध्वजमालिनम् (dhvajamālinam) - adorned with banners, garlanded with flags

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvajamālin

dhvajamālin - adorned with banners, having flags as a garland

Compound of 'dhvaja' and 'mālin'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhvaja+mālin)

• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
• mālin – having a garland, adorned with
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective for 'ratham'.