महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-24

तस्य मद्राधिपो हत्वा चतुरो रथवाजिनः ।
सूतं ध्वजं च समरे रथोपस्थादपातयत् ॥२४॥

24. tasya madrādhipo hatvā caturo rathavājinaḥ ,
sūtaṁ dhvajaṁ ca samare rathopasthādapātayat.

24. tasya madrādhipaḥ hatvā caturaḥ rathavājinaḥ
sūtaṃ dhvajaṃ ca samare rathopasthāt apātayat

24. madrādhipaḥ tasya caturaḥ rathavājinaḥ sūtaṃ ca
dhvajaṃ ca samare hatvā rathopasthāt apātayat

24. The king of Madra, having killed his four chariot horses, and struck down his charioteer and banner in battle, then made him fall from his chariot-seat.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• मद्राधिपः (madrādhipaḥ) - the lord of Madra, the king of Madra

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck down

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• रथवाजिनः (rathavājinaḥ) - chariot horses

• सूतं (sūtaṁ) - charioteer

• ध्वजं (dhvajaṁ) - banner, flag

• च (ca) - and

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot-seat, from the chariot platform

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - caused to fall, threw down

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मद्राधिपः (madrādhipaḥ) - the lord of Madra, the king of Madra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrādhipa

madrādhipa - lord of Madra, king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipa)

• madra – Madra (name of a country/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: han (class 2)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

रथवाजिनः (rathavājinaḥ) - chariot horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathavājin

rathavājin - chariot horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vājin)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse, steed
  noun (masculine)

सूतं (sūtaṁ) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

ध्वजं (dhvajaṁ) - banner, flag

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

रथोपस्थात् (rathopasthāt) - from the chariot-seat, from the chariot platform

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot-seat, platform of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – seat, platform, lap
  noun (masculine)

अपातयत् (apātayat) - caused to fall, threw down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of apātayat

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ), Causative

Causative of root 'pat' (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)