महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-22

मद्रराजो महाराज विराटं वाहिनीपतिम् ।
आजघ्ने त्वरितं तीक्ष्णैः शतेन नतपर्वणाम् ॥२२॥

22. madrarājo mahārāja virāṭaṁ vāhinīpatim ,
ājaghne tvaritaṁ tīkṣṇaiḥ śatena nataparvaṇām.

22. madrarājaḥ mahārāja virāṭam vāhinīpatim
ājaghne tvaritam tīkṣṇaiḥ śatena nataparvaṇām

22. mahārāja,
madrarājaḥ tvaritam vāhinīpatim virāṭam tīkṣṇaiḥ nataparvaṇām śatena ājaghne

22. O great king, the king of Madra swiftly struck Virāṭa, the commander of the army, with a hundred sharp, well-jointed arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, who fought for the Kauravas (the king of Madra (Śalya))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• विराटम् (virāṭam) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

• वाहिनीपतिम् (vāhinīpatim) - commander of the army, general

• आजघ्ने (ājaghne) - struck, smote, assailed

• त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen

• शतेन (śatena) - with a hundred arrows (with a hundred)

• नतपर्वणाम् (nataparvaṇām) - of arrows with well-made joints or sections, implying quality (of those with bent/well-formed joints (referring to arrows))

Words meanings and morphology

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, who fought for the Kauravas (the king of Madra (Śalya))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - the king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

विराटम् (virāṭam) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - name of a king, ruler of the Matsyas, host of the Pāṇḍavas during their incognito exile

वाहिनीपतिम् (vāhinīpatim) - commander of the army, general

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāhinīpati

vāhinīpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāhinī+pati)

• vāhinī – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'Virāṭam'

आजघ्ने (ājaghne) - struck, smote, assailed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of āhan

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

त्वरितम् (tvaritam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root tvar (to hurry, hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp, with keen

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, hot, severe

Note: Agrees with 'śatena' (implicitly, referring to the hundred arrows)

शतेन (śatena) - with a hundred arrows (with a hundred)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śata

śata - a hundred

नतपर्वणाम् (nataparvaṇām) - of arrows with well-made joints or sections, implying quality (of those with bent/well-formed joints (referring to arrows))

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of nataparvan

nataparvan - having bent joints/nodes; well-jointed (describing arrows)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nata+parvan)

• nata – bent, bowed, humbled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root nam (to bend)
  Root: nam (class 1)
• parvan – joint, knot, section; festive day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the arrows implied by 'śatena'