महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-20

विराटं सहसेनं तु द्रोणार्थे द्रुतमागतम् ।
मद्रराजः शरौघेण छादयामास धन्विनम् ॥२०॥

20. virāṭaṁ sahasenaṁ tu droṇārthe drutamāgatam ,
madrarājaḥ śaraugheṇa chādayāmāsa dhanvinam.

20. virāṭam sahasenam tu droṇārthe drutam āgatam
madrarājaḥ śaraugheṇa chādayāmāsa dhanvinam

20. tu madrarājaḥ droṇārthe drutam sahasenam āgatam
dhanvinam virāṭam śaraugheṇa chādayāmāsa

20. But the king of Madra (Śalya) covered Virāṭa, the bowman who had swiftly arrived with his army to confront Droṇa, with a shower of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• विराटम् (virāṭam) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

• सहसेणम् (sahaseṇam) - with his army, accompanied by troops

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• द्रोणार्थे (droṇārthe) - to confront Droṇa or in connection with Droṇa's actions/position (for Droṇa's sake, for the purpose of Droṇa, to confront Droṇa)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, who fought for the Kauravas (the king of Madra (Śalya))

• शरौघेण (śaraugheṇa) - with a multitude of arrows, with a shower of arrows

• छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - covered, concealed

• धन्विनम् (dhanvinam) - bowman, archer

Words meanings and morphology

विराटम् (virāṭam) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - name of a king, ruler of the Matsyas, host of the Pāṇḍavas during their incognito exile

सहसेणम् (sahaseṇam) - with his army, accompanied by troops

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahaseṇa

sahaseṇa - accompanied by an army

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+senā)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• senā – army, host, forces
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'Virāṭam'

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

द्रोणार्थे (droṇārthe) - to confront Droṇa or in connection with Droṇa's actions/position (for Droṇa's sake, for the purpose of Droṇa, to confront Droṇa)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇārtha

droṇārtha - for Droṇa's purpose, relating to Droṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+artha)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a guru and warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly, rapidly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root dru (to run, move quickly)

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Virāṭam'

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - Śalya, the maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, who fought for the Kauravas (the king of Madra (Śalya))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - the king of Madra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शरौघेण (śaraugheṇa) - with a multitude of arrows, with a shower of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śaraugha

śaraugha - a flood/multitude of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ogha)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, torrent, multitude, heap
  noun (masculine)

छादयामास (chādayāmāsa) - covered, concealed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of chādayāmāsa

Causative perfect

Formed from the root chad, with causative suffix -i, and then perfect marker

Root: chad (class 1)

धन्विनम् (dhanvinam) - bowman, archer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - bowman, archer, armed with a bow

Derived from 'dhanus' (bow) with the possessive suffix '-vin'

Note: Agrees with 'Virāṭam'