महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-10

ससंभ्रमस्ततस्तूर्णमवप्लुत्य रथोत्तमात् ।
सहदेवो महाराज दृष्ट्वा कर्णं व्यवस्थितम् ।
रथचक्रं ततो गृह्य मुमोचाधिरथिं प्रति ॥१०॥

10. sasaṁbhramastatastūrṇamavaplutya rathottamāt ,
sahadevo mahārāja dṛṣṭvā karṇaṁ vyavasthitam ,
rathacakraṁ tato gṛhya mumocādhirathiṁ prati.

10. sa-saṃbhramaḥ tataḥ tūrṇam avaplutya
ratha-uttamāt sahadevaḥ mahārāja
dṛṣṭvā karṇam vyavasthitam ratha-cakram
tataḥ gṛhya mumoca adhirathim prati

10. mahārāja,
tataḥ sa-saṃbhramaḥ sahadevaḥ tūrṇam ratha-uttamāt avaplutya,
karṇam vyavasthitam dṛṣṭvā,
tataḥ ratha-cakram gṛhya adhirathim prati mumoca

10. O great king, then Sahadeva, agitated, quickly jumped down from his excellent chariot, and having seen Karna standing firm, he then took a chariot wheel and hurled it at Karna.

Words meanings summery:

• स-संभ्रमः (sa-saṁbhramaḥ) - agitated (bewildered, agitated, confused, with great haste/excitement)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down (having jumped down, having leaped off)

• रथ-उत्तमात् (ratha-uttamāt) - from his excellent chariot (from the excellent chariot, from the best of chariots)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (proper name))

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (O great king, emperor)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, perceiving)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

• व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing firm (standing firm, established, fixed, determined)

• रथ-चक्रम् (ratha-cakram) - a chariot wheel (chariot wheel)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (again indicating sequence) (then, thence, afterwards)

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken (having taken, having seized, having grasped)

• मुमोच (mumoca) - he hurled (he released, he hurled, he abandoned)

• अधिरथिम् (adhirathim) - at Karna (the son of Adhiratha) (the son of Adhiratha (Karna))

• प्रति (prati) - at, towards (towards, against, to)

Words meanings and morphology

स-संभ्रमः (sa-saṁbhramaḥ) - agitated (bewildered, agitated, confused, with great haste/excitement)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-saṃbhrama

sa-saṁbhrama - bewildered, agitated, confused, with great haste/excitement

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'accompanied by confusion/agitation'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+saṃbhrama)

• sa – with, accompanied by, having
  indeclinable
• saṃbhrama – agitation, confusion, haste, flurry, hurry
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: sam+bhram

Note: Modifies 'sahadevaḥ'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down (having jumped down, having leaped off)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'plu' (to float, to jump) with preverb 'ava'. Uses '-tya' suffix because of preverb.

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

रथ-उत्तमात् (ratha-uttamāt) - from his excellent chariot (from the excellent chariot, from the best of chariots)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha-uttama

ratha-uttama - excellent chariot, best of chariots

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ratha+uttama)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (name of one of the Pandavas)

Note: Subject of 'mumoca'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (O great king, emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Dhritarashtra, common in Mahabharata narration.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, perceiving)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Surya and Kunti); ear

Note: Object of the participle 'dṛṣṭvā'.

व्यवस्थितम् (vyavasthitam) - standing firm (standing firm, established, fixed, determined)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vi-ava-sthita

vi-ava-sthita - standing firm, established, fixed, determined, situated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'sthā' (to stand) with preverbs 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

रथ-चक्रम् (ratha-cakram) - a chariot wheel (chariot wheel)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ratha-cakra

ratha-cakra - chariot wheel

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+cakra)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, disc
  noun (neuter)

Note: Direct object of 'gṛhya'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (again indicating sequence) (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken (having taken, having seized, having grasped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'grah'.

Root: grah (class 9)

मुमोच (mumoca) - he hurled (he released, he hurled, he abandoned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of muc

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular active of root 'muc' (to release, throw). Reduplicated perfect.

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'sahadevaḥ'.

अधिरथिम् (adhirathim) - at Karna (the son of Adhiratha) (the son of Adhiratha (Karna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhirathi

adhirathi - son of Adhiratha (an epithet for Karna, his foster-father)

Derived from 'adhiratha' (the name of Karna's foster-father).

Note: Object of the preposition 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - at, towards (towards, against, to)

(indeclinable)