महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-17

वधप्राप्तं तु माद्रेयं नावधीत्समरेऽरिहा ।
कुन्त्याः स्मृत्वा वचो राजन्सत्यसंधो महारथः ॥१७॥

17. vadhaprāptaṁ tu mādreyaṁ nāvadhītsamare'rihā ,
kuntyāḥ smṛtvā vaco rājansatyasaṁdho mahārathaḥ.

17. vadhaprāptam tu mādreyam na avadhīt samare arihā
kuntyāḥ smṛtvā vacaḥ rājan satyasaṃdhaḥ mahārathaḥ

17. rājan arihā satyasaṃdhaḥ mahārathaḥ tu kuntyāḥ
vacaḥ smṛtvā vadhaprāptam mādreyam samare na avadhīt

17. But O king, the destroyer of enemies (arihā), that great charioteer (mahāratha), firm in his vow (satyasaṃdha), did not kill the son of Madri (Mādreya) in battle, even though he was within his grasp for slaughter, having remembered Kunti's words.

Words meanings summery:

• वधप्राप्तम् (vadhaprāptam) - within his grasp for slaughter (destined for death, having met death, reached the point of slaughter)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, and)

• माद्रेयम् (mādreyam) - the son of Madri (Sahadeva) (son of Madri (Sahadeva))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - did not kill (he killed, he slew)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

• अरिहा (arihā) - destroyer of enemies (Karna) (enemy-slayer, destroyer of foes)

• कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - Kunti's (of Kunti)

• स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - having remembered

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• सत्यसंधः (satyasaṁdhaḥ) - firm in his vow (true to his word, firm in his vow)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer (great charioteer, great warrior)

Words meanings and morphology

वधप्राप्तम् (vadhaprāptam) - within his grasp for slaughter (destined for death, having met death, reached the point of slaughter)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadhaprāpta

vadhaprāpta - reached (prāpta) death (vadha)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+prāpta)

• vadha – killing, slaughter, death
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh
• prāpta – attained, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √āp ('to obtain, reach') with upasarga 'pra-' and suffix '-ta'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies Mādreyam.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, and)

(indeclinable)

माद्रेयम् (mādreyam) - the son of Madri (Sahadeva) (son of Madri (Sahadeva))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mādreya

mādreya - son of Madri, a patronymic (e.g., Nakula, Sahadeva)

Derived from 'Madrī' (name of a princess) with a patronymic suffix.

Note: Object of 'avadhīt'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - did not kill (he killed, he slew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of han

Aorist Active

Aorist 3rd person singular active of root √han (class 2).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The 'a' prefix is the augment for past tenses.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, combat, war

अरिहा (arihā) - destroyer of enemies (Karna) (enemy-slayer, destroyer of foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arihan

arihan - enemy-slayer, foe-destroyer

Compound noun acting as an adjective. Nominative singular of 'arihan' (derived from 'ari' + √han).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+han)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• han – slaying, killer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √han ('to strike, kill').
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to Karna.

कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - Kunti's (of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kunti (name of the mother of the Pandavas)

स्मृत्वा (smṛtvā) - having remembered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root √smṛ ('to remember').

Root: smṛ (class 1)

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of 'smṛtvā'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

सत्यसंधः (satyasaṁdhaḥ) - firm in his vow (true to his word, firm in his vow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyasaṃdha

satyasaṁdha - one whose promises are true, firm in truth/vow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+saṃdha)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• saṃdha – vow, promise, agreement
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √dhā ('to place') with upasarga 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Karna.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer (great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, warrior capable of fighting thousands of enemies

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Karna.