महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-18

सहदेवस्ततो राजन्विमनाः शरपीडितः ।
कर्णवाक्शल्यतप्तश्च जीवितान्निरविद्यत ॥१८॥

18. sahadevastato rājanvimanāḥ śarapīḍitaḥ ,
karṇavākśalyataptaśca jīvitānniravidyata.

18. sahadevaḥ tataḥ rājan vimanāḥ śarapīḍitaḥ
karṇavākśalyataptaḥ ca jīvitāt niravidyata

18. rājan tataḥ sahadevaḥ vimanāḥ śarapīḍitaḥ
ca karṇavākśalyataptaḥ jīvitāt niravidyata

18. Then, O king, Sahadeva, dejected, wounded by arrows, and tormented by Karna's arrow-like words, became disgusted with life.

Words meanings summery:

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (proper noun))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - dejected (dejected, disheartened, dispirited)

• शरपीडितः (śarapīḍitaḥ) - wounded by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

• कर्णवाक्शल्यतप्तः (karṇavākśalyataptaḥ) - tormented by Karna's arrow-like words

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जीवितात् (jīvitāt) - from life (from life, from existence)

• निरविद्यत (niravidyata) - became disgusted (with life) (he turned away, he recoiled, he became disgusted)

Words meanings and morphology

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (name of the youngest Pandava brother); divine companion

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressing Dhritarashtra.

विमनाः (vimanāḥ) - dejected (dejected, disheartened, dispirited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimanā

vimanā - dejected, disheartened, dispirited, confused

Compound 'vi-' (without, apart) + 'manas' (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+manas)

• vi – apart, without, dis-
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies Sahadeva.

शरपीडितः (śarapīḍitaḥ) - wounded by arrows (afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarapīḍita

śarapīḍita - afflicted (pīḍita) by arrows (śara)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+pīḍita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √pīḍ ('to oppress, distress') with suffix '-ta'.
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies Sahadeva.

कर्णवाक्शल्यतप्तः (karṇavākśalyataptaḥ) - tormented by Karna's arrow-like words

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇavākśalyatapta

karṇavākśalyatapta - scorched/tormented (tapta) by the arrow-like (śalya) words (vāk) of Karna

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karṇa+vāc+śalya+tapta)

• karṇa – Karna
  proper noun (masculine)
• vāc – word, speech
  noun (feminine)
• śalya – arrow, dart, thorn
  noun (neuter)
• tapta – heated, scorched, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √tap ('to heat, torment') with suffix '-ta'.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modifies Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

जीवितात् (jīvitāt) - from life (from life, from existence)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood, living

Past passive participle of √jīv used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'niravidyata' (turning away from).

निरविद्यत (niravidyata) - became disgusted (with life) (he turned away, he recoiled, he became disgusted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vid

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect 3rd person singular middle voice (ātmanepada) of root √vid (class 4) with upasarga 'nis-' (nir- before vowel). Meaning 'to feel aversion, be disgusted'.

Prefix: nis

Root: vid (class 4)