महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-31

सोऽतिविद्धो महाराज रथोपस्थ उपाविशत् ।
कश्मलं चाविशत्तीव्रं विराटो भरतर्षभ ।
सारथिस्तमपोवाह समरे शरविक्षतम् ॥३१॥

31. so'tividdho mahārāja rathopastha upāviśat ,
kaśmalaṁ cāviśattīvraṁ virāṭo bharatarṣabha ,
sārathistamapovāha samare śaravikṣatam.

31. saḥ atividdhaḥ mahārāja rathopasthe
upāviśat | kaśmalaṃ ca āviśat
tīvraṃ virāṭaḥ bharatarṣabha | sārathiḥ
tam apovāha samare śaravikṣatam

31. mahārāja bharatarṣabha saḥ atividdhaḥ
virāṭaḥ rathopasthe upāviśat
ca tīvraṃ kaśmalaṃ āviśat sārathiḥ
śaravikṣatam tam samare apovāha

31. O great king, Virāṭa, severely wounded, sat down on the floor of his chariot. An intense stupor (kaśmala) then overcame him, O best of Bhāratas. His charioteer drove him, who was pierced by arrows, away from the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - severely wounded, greatly pierced

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot's seat/platform

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down

• कश्मलं (kaśmalaṁ) - intense stupor (stupor, fainting, bewilderment)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame

• तीव्रं (tīvraṁ) - intense, severe

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bhāratas

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

• तम् (tam) - him

• अपोवाह (apovāha) - drove away

• समरे (samare) - in the battle, on the battlefield

• शरविक्षतम् (śaravikṣatam) - wounded by arrows, pierced by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - severely wounded, greatly pierced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - severely pierced, greatly wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce, strike) with prefix ati- (excessively) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: ati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

रथोपस्थे (rathopasthe) - in the chariot's seat/platform

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rathopastha

rathopastha - chariot seat, platform of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – seat, part below, lap
  noun (masculine)

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - sat down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upaviś

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

कश्मलं (kaśmalaṁ) - intense stupor (stupor, fainting, bewilderment)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaśmala

kaśmala - fainting, stupor, bewilderment, impurity

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of āviś

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

तीव्रं (tīvraṁ) - intense, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, sharp, severe, hot

Note: Adjective modifying kaśmalaṃ.

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - Virāṭa (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king, esp. of Matsya kingdom); brilliant, splendid

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bhāratas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bhāratas, chief among descendants of Bharata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, Bhārata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपोवाह (apovāha) - drove away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of apavāh

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in the battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

शरविक्षतम् (śaravikṣatam) - wounded by arrows, pierced by arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaravikṣata

śaravikṣata - wounded by arrows, struck by arrows

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from śara (arrow) and vikṣata (wounded). vikṣata is PPP of √kṣaṇ (to injure) with vi-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+vikṣata)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vikṣata – wounded, injured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √kṣaṇ (to injure) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying tam.