महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-142, verse-4

ततोऽन्यद्धनुरादाय माद्रीपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
कर्णं विव्याध विंशत्या तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥४॥

4. tato'nyaddhanurādāya mādrīputraḥ pratāpavān ,
karṇaṁ vivyādha viṁśatyā tadadbhutamivābhavat.

4. tataḥ anyat dhanuḥ ādāya mādrīputraḥ pratāpavān
karṇam vivyādha viṃśatyā tat adbhutam iva abhavat

4. tataḥ pratāpavān mādrīputraḥ anyat dhanuḥ ādāya
karṇam viṃśatyā vivyādha tat adbhutam iva abhavat

4. Then, the mighty son of Madri (Sahadeva), taking another bow, struck Karna with twenty arrows; this seemed truly astonishing.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another, other

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• आदाय (ādāya) - taking, having taken

• माद्रीपुत्रः (mādrīputraḥ) - Sahadeva (son of Madri)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, glorious, valiant

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - The warrior Karna (Karna)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - struck, pierced

• विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - with twenty

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the action described. (that, this)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, amazing, a wonder

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - another, other

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ, which is accusative.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

आदाय (ādāya) - taking, having taken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dā (to give) with prefix ā, forming absolutive

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

माद्रीपुत्रः (mādrīputraḥ) - Sahadeva (son of Madri)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Madri

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Madri (name of a princess, mother of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, glorious, valiant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, glorious, powerful, valorous

From pratāpa (power, valor) with suffix -vat (having)

Note: Agrees with Mādrīputraḥ.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - The warrior Karna (Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper name), ear

विव्याध (vivyādha) - struck, pierced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vivyādh

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root vyadh (to pierce) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - with twenty

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of viṃśati

viṁśati - twenty

Note: Often takes singular form for numbers.

तत् (tat) - Referring to the action described. (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, amazing, a wonder

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvellous, amazing, a wonder

Note: Agrees with 'tat'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)