महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-5

के च तं वरदं वीरमन्वयुर्द्विजसत्तमम् ।
के चास्य पृष्ठतोऽगच्छन्वीराः शूरस्य युध्यतः ।
के पुरस्तादयुध्यन्त निघ्नतः शात्रवान्रणे ॥५॥

5. ke ca taṁ varadaṁ vīramanvayurdvijasattamam ,
ke cāsya pṛṣṭhato'gacchanvīrāḥ śūrasya yudhyataḥ ,
ke purastādayudhyanta nighnataḥ śātravānraṇe.

5. ke ca tam varadam vīram anvayuḥ
dvija-sattamam ke ca asya pṛṣṭhataḥ agacchan
vīrāḥ śūrasya yudhyataḥ ke purastāt
ayudhyanta nighnataḥ śātravān raṇe

5. ca ke tam varadam vīram dvija-sattamam
anvayuḥ ca ke vīrāḥ asya yudhyataḥ
śūrasya pṛṣṭhataḥ agacchan ke rane
śātravān nighnataḥ purastāt ayudhyanta

5. And who followed that hero, the giver of boons, the best among the twice-born (dvija)? Who were the heroes who went behind him, that brave warrior who was fighting? And who fought in front (of him), killing the enemies on the battlefield?

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who (plural)? (who? (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तम् (tam) - that (hero) (that (masculine accusative singular), him)

• वरदम् (varadam) - the giver of boons (giver of boons, bestower of blessings)

• वीरम् (vīram) - the hero (referring to Drona) (hero, brave man)

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - followed (followed, went after)

• द्विज-सत्तमम् (dvija-sattamam) - the best among the twice-born (dvija), referring to a Brahmin like Drona (best among the twice-born (dvija))

• के (ke) - who (plural)? (who? (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the main hero, Drona) (his, of him, of this)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the back, behind (from behind, at the back)

• अगच्छन् (agacchan) - went, followed (went, proceeded)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (heroes, brave men)

• शूरस्य (śūrasya) - of that brave one (referring to Drona) (of the brave one, of the hero)

• युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of the one fighting (referring to Drona) (fighting, of the one fighting)

• के (ke) - who (plural)? (who? (plural))

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in front (in front, before)

• अयुध्यन्त (ayudhyanta) - fought (fought, battled)

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - of the one killing (enemies) (striking, killing, of the one killing)

• शात्रवान् (śātravān) - the enemies (enemies, foes)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who (plural)? (who? (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?

Note: Subject of `anvayuḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (hero) (that (masculine accusative singular), him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of `anvayuḥ`, refers to the main hero.

वरदम् (varadam) - the giver of boons (giver of boons, bestower of blessings)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of varada

varada - granting wishes, bestowing boons

agent noun/adjective

Derived from vara (boon) + root dā (to give) + suffix -a.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies `vīram`.

वीरम् (vīram) - the hero (referring to Drona) (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Object of `anvayuḥ`. Likely refers to Drona.

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - followed (followed, went after)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past aorist (luṅ) of i

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject is `ke`.

द्विज-सत्तमम् (dvija-sattamam) - the best among the twice-born (dvija), referring to a Brahmin like Drona (best among the twice-born (dvija))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvija-sattama

dvija-sattama - best among the twice-born (dvija)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (e.g., Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; also bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama.

Note: Qualifies `vīram`, strongly indicating Drona.

के (ke) - who (plural)? (who? (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?

Note: Subject of `agacchan`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (referring to the main hero, Drona) (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the main hero (Drona).

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - at the back, behind (from behind, at the back)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with suffix -tas.

Note: Adverb of place.

अगच्छन् (agacchan) - went, followed (went, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is `ke vīrāḥ`.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes (heroes, brave men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Subject along with `ke`.

शूरस्य (śūrasya) - of that brave one (referring to Drona) (of the brave one, of the hero)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant; a hero, warrior

Note: Qualifies `yudhyataḥ`, referring to the main hero.

युध्यतः (yudhyataḥ) - of the one fighting (referring to Drona) (fighting, of the one fighting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, combating (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with suffix -at.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `śūrasya`.

के (ke) - who (plural)? (who? (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?

Note: Subject of `ayudhyanta`.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in front (in front, before)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pura (front) with suffix -tāt.

Note: Adverb of place.

अयुध्यन्त (ayudhyanta) - fought (fought, battled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject is `ke`.

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - of the one killing (enemies) (striking, killing, of the one killing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking, killing (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni- and suffix -at.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the main hero) of `ayudhyanta`, referring to his action.

शात्रवान् (śātravān) - the enemies (enemies, foes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śātru

śātru - enemy, foe

Note: Object of `nighnataḥ`.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Note: Indicates location of the fighting.