महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-11

संजय उवाच ।
रात्रियुद्धे तदा राजन्वर्तमाने सुदारुणे ।
द्रोणमभ्यद्रवन्रात्रौ पाण्डवाः सहसैनिकाः ॥११॥

11. saṁjaya uvāca ,
rātriyuddhe tadā rājanvartamāne sudāruṇe ,
droṇamabhyadravanrātrau pāṇḍavāḥ sahasainikāḥ.

11. saṃjaya uvāca rātriyuddhe tadā rājan vartamāne sudāruṇe
droṇam abhyadravan rātrau pāṇḍavāḥ sahasainikāḥ

11. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tadā sudāruṇe vartamāne rātriyuddhe
rātrau pāṇḍavāḥ sahasainikāḥ droṇam abhyadravan

11. Saṃjaya said: O King, then, while that exceedingly terrible night battle was taking place, the Pāṇḍavas, accompanied by their soldiers, attacked Droṇa during the night.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• रात्रियुद्धे (rātriyuddhe) - in the night battle

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (being, existing, occurring, present)

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very fierce, exceedingly terrible

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they ran towards, they attacked, they charged

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - in the night

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

• सहसैनिकाः (sahasainikāḥ) - with their soldiers, accompanied by soldiers

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root verb 'vac' (class 2, parasmāipada) in the perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular active. Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

रात्रियुद्धे (rātriyuddhe) - in the night battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rātriyuddha

rātriyuddha - night battle, nocturnal combat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+yuddha)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• yuddha – battle, war, fight
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle used as noun
  From root 'yudh' (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while ongoing (being, existing, occurring, present)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, occurring

Present Active Participle (ātmanepada)

From root 'vṛt' (to be, exist, turn) with present participle suffix 'śānac'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rātriyuddhe'

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very fierce, exceedingly terrible

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very fierce, exceedingly terrible, extremely dreadful

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• dāruṇa – terrible, fierce, dreadful, cruel
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'rātriyuddhe'

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor in the Mahābhārata), a measure of capacity

अभ्यद्रवन् (abhyadravan) - they ran towards, they attacked, they charged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyadru

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural

Root verb 'dru' (class 1, parasmāipada) with prefix 'abhi' in the imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person plural active.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

सहसैनिकाः (sahasainikāḥ) - with their soldiers, accompanied by soldiers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahasainika

sahasainika - accompanied by soldiers, with an army

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+sainika)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• sainika – soldier, warrior, military
  noun (masculine)
  From 'senā' (army) + 'ika' (suffix)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍavāḥ'