महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-23

ततः शत्रुरथं त्यक्त्वा भीमो ध्रुवरथं गतः ।
ध्रुवं चास्यन्तमनिशं मुष्टिना समपोथयत् ।
स तथा पाण्डुपुत्रेण बलिना निहतोऽपतत् ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ śatrurathaṁ tyaktvā bhīmo dhruvarathaṁ gataḥ ,
dhruvaṁ cāsyantamaniśaṁ muṣṭinā samapothayat ,
sa tathā pāṇḍuputreṇa balinā nihato'patat.

23. tataḥ śatruratham tyaktvā bhīmaḥ
dhruvaratham gataḥ dhruvam ca asyantam
aniśam muṣṭinā samapothayat saḥ tathā
pāṇḍuputreṇa balinā nihataḥ apatat

23. tataḥ bhīmaḥ śatruratham tyaktvā
dhruvaratham gataḥ ca aniśam asyantam
dhruvam muṣṭinā samapothayat saḥ tathā
balinā pāṇḍuputreṇa nihataḥ apatat

23. Then, Bhīma abandoned the enemy's chariot and went to Dhruva's chariot. He then struck down Dhruva, who was incessantly shooting (arrows), with his fist. Thus, Dhruva, struck down by the mighty son of Pāṇḍu, fell.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• शत्रुरथम् (śatruratham) - enemy's chariot

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

• ध्रुवरथम् (dhruvaratham) - Dhruva's chariot

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - Dhruva (the warrior) (Dhruva, firm, constant)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्यन्तम् (asyantam) - shooting (arrows) (shooting, throwing, casting)

• अनिशम् (aniśam) - incessantly, constantly, without rest

• मुष्टिना (muṣṭinā) - with a fist, by means of a fist

• समपोथयत् (samapothayat) - he crushed, struck down, pounded

• सः (saḥ) - he (Dhruva) (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

• पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by Bhīmasena (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

• बलिना (balinā) - by the powerful (Bhīmasena) (by the powerful, by the strong)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

• अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down, alighted

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

शत्रुरथम् (śatruratham) - enemy's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatruratha

śatruratha - enemy's chariot

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (śatru+ratha)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: The chariot belonging to one of the enemies.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

root tyaj (class 1) + ktvā suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Gerund, indicating prior action.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), terrible, formidable

ध्रुवरथम् (dhruvaratham) - Dhruva's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhruvaratha

dhruvaratha - Dhruva's chariot

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (dhruva+ratha)

• dhruva – Dhruva (name of a warrior), firm, constant
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the chariot of the warrior Dhruva.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gam

gam - to go, move

Past Passive Participle

root gam (class 1) + kta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective here, 'Bhīma became gone to Dhruva's chariot'.

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - Dhruva (the warrior) (Dhruva, firm, constant)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhruva

dhruva - Dhruva (name of a warrior), firm, constant, fixed

Note: Object of 'samapothayat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्यन्तम् (asyantam) - shooting (arrows) (shooting, throwing, casting)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of as

as - to throw, cast, shoot

Present Active Participle

root as (class 4) + śatṛ suffix

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'dhruvam'.

अनिशम् (aniśam) - incessantly, constantly, without rest

(indeclinable)

adverbial use of 'aniśa' (without night)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+niśā)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adverb modifying 'asyantam'.

मुष्टिना (muṣṭinā) - with a fist, by means of a fist

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of muṣṭi

muṣṭi - fist, handful

Note: Instrument of striking.

समपोथयत् (samapothayat) - he crushed, struck down, pounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of poth

Imperfect

upasarga sam + root poth (class 10/causal of path) + laṅ (imperfect) + t (3rd singular)

Prefix: sam

Root: poth (class 10)

Note: Derived from causative of path.

सः (saḥ) - he (Dhruva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Dhruva.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'nihataḥ'.

पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by Bhīmasena (by the son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of a king, father of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena.

बलिना (balinā) - by the powerful (Bhīmasena) (by the powerful, by the strong)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

From 'bala' (strength) + 'in' suffix

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍuputreṇa'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of han

han - to strike, kill, injure

Past Passive Participle

upasarga ni + root han (class 2) + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Dhruva).

अपतत् (apatat) - he fell down, alighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect

root pat (class 1) + laṅ (imperfect) + t (3rd singular)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The 'a' prefix in 'apatat' is for imperfect tense.