महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-2

दुर्योधनं तथा पुत्रमुक्त्वा शास्त्रातिगं मम ।
यत्प्राविशदमेयात्मा किं पार्थः प्रत्यपद्यत ॥२॥

2. duryodhanaṁ tathā putramuktvā śāstrātigaṁ mama ,
yatprāviśadameyātmā kiṁ pārthaḥ pratyapadyata.

2. duryodhanaṃ tathā putram uktvā śāstra-atigam mama
yat prāviśat ameyātmā kim pārthaḥ pratyapadyata

2. tathā śāstra-atigam mama putram duryodhanaṃ uktvā
yat ameyātmā prāviśat kim pārthaḥ pratyapadyata

2. After a person of immeasurable spirit (ātman) had thus addressed my son Duryodhana, who disregards the scriptures, and (that one) had entered (the battle), what action did Arjuna (Partha) then take?

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनं (duryodhanaṁ) - The eldest son of King Dhritarashtra and leader of the Kauravas. (Duryodhana)

• तथा (tathā) - then, in that manner (thus, so, in that manner, then)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having addressed, having spoken (having spoken, having said)

• शास्त्र-अतिगम् (śāstra-atigam) - who disregards the scriptures (transgressing the scriptures, going beyond rules)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• यत् (yat) - when (referring to the time of entry) (which, what, that (relative pronoun); when, because (conjunction/adverb))

• प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered (the battle/situation) (entered, went into)

• अमेयात्मा (ameyātmā) - a person of immeasurable spirit (ātman) (referring to a venerable figure like Drona or Krishna) (whose soul is immeasurable, of immeasurable spirit/intellect)

• किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative pronoun) (what?, why?, how?)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna)

• प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - did, accomplished, took action (obtained, gained, understood, did, responded, entered upon)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनं (duryodhanaṁ) - The eldest son of King Dhritarashtra and leader of the Kauravas. (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, lit. 'hard to fight')

तथा (tathā) - then, in that manner (thus, so, in that manner, then)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having addressed, having spoken (having spoken, having said)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ktvā

Root: vac (class 2)

शास्त्र-अतिगम् (śāstra-atigam) - who disregards the scriptures (transgressing the scriptures, going beyond rules)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāstra-atiga

śāstra-atiga - transgressing the scriptures, going beyond rules

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śāstra+atiga)

• śāstra – scripture, sacred text, rule, science
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• atiga – going beyond, transgressing, excelling
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from ati- + gam (to go)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: It qualifies `putram` and `duryodhanaṃ`.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

यत् (yat) - when (referring to the time of entry) (which, what, that (relative pronoun); when, because (conjunction/adverb))

(indeclinable)

Note: It functions as a temporal conjunction 'when' in this context.

प्राविशत् (prāviśat) - entered (the battle/situation) (entered, went into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of viś

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject is `ameyātmā`.

अमेयात्मा (ameyātmā) - a person of immeasurable spirit (ātman) (referring to a venerable figure like Drona or Krishna) (whose soul is immeasurable, of immeasurable spirit/intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ameyātman

ameyātman - of immeasurable self/soul/spirit (ātman), boundless, infinite

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a-meya+ātman)

• a-meya – immeasurable, incalculable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Passive Participle (negative)
  Formed from negative prefix 'a-' and root 'mā' (to measure) + -ya suffix.
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, intellect
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `prāviśat`.

किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative pronoun) (what?, why?, how?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?, why?, how?

Note: Object of `pratyapadyata`.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā with patronymic suffix 'aṇ'.

Note: Subject of `pratyapadyata`.

प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - did, accomplished, took action (obtained, gained, understood, did, responded, entered upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)