महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-4

किममन्यत दुर्धर्षः प्रविष्टे शत्रुतापने ।
दुर्योधनश्च किं कृत्यं प्राप्तकालममन्यत ॥४॥

4. kimamanyata durdharṣaḥ praviṣṭe śatrutāpane ,
duryodhanaśca kiṁ kṛtyaṁ prāptakālamamanyata.

4. kim amanyata durdharṣaḥ praviṣṭe śatru-tāpane
duryodhanaḥ ca kim kṛtyam prāpta-kālam amanyata

4. praviṣṭe śatru-tāpane durdharṣaḥ kim amanyata
ca duryodhanaḥ kim prāpta-kālam kṛtyam amanyata

4. What did that irresistible tormentor of enemies think upon entering (the battle)? And what timely action did Duryodhana consider appropriate?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative pronoun) (what?, why?, how?)

• अमन्यत (amanyata) - thought, considered (thought, considered, believed)

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - the irresistible one (referring to a powerful warrior like Karna or Arjuna) (irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to attack/overcome)

• प्रविष्टे (praviṣṭe) - upon entering (the battle) (having entered, when entered)

• शत्रु-तापने (śatru-tāpane) - the tormentor of enemies (tormentor of enemies, scorching enemies)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative adjective) (what?, which?)

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - action, duty (action, deed, duty, what is to be done)

• प्राप्त-कालम् (prāpta-kālam) - suitable for the occasion, timely (timely, opportune, suitable for the occasion)

• अमन्यत (amanyata) - considered (proper) (thought, considered, believed)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative pronoun) (what?, why?, how?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?, why?, how?

Note: Object of `amanyata`.

अमन्यत (amanyata) - thought, considered (thought, considered, believed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject is `durdharṣaḥ`.

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - the irresistible one (referring to a powerful warrior like Karna or Arjuna) (irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to attack/overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - irresistible, unconquerable, difficult to attack/overcome

Gerundive (negative/difficult to)

Derived from prefix dur- (difficult) + root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack) with suffix -a.

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Subject of the first `amanyata`.

प्रविष्टे (praviṣṭe) - upon entering (the battle) (having entered, when entered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, having entered, gone into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix pra- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Forms a locative absolute with `śatrutāpane`.

शत्रु-तापने (śatru-tāpane) - the tormentor of enemies (tormentor of enemies, scorching enemies)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śatru-tāpana

śatru-tāpana - tormenting foes, scorching enemies

agent noun/adjective

From śatru (enemy) + root tap (to heat, torment) + suffix -ana (agent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+tāpana)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tāpana – heating, scorching, tormenting (agent)
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root tap (to heat, torment) with suffix -ana.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the same person as `durdharṣaḥ`, forming a locative absolute construction with `praviṣṭe`.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, lit. 'hard to fight')

Note: Subject of the second `amanyata`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two questions.

किम् (kim) - what? (interrogative adjective) (what?, which?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who?, what?, which?, why?, how?

Note: Qualifies `kṛtyam`.

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - action, duty (action, deed, duty, what is to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtya

kṛtya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, action

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `amanyata`.

प्राप्त-कालम् (prāpta-kālam) - suitable for the occasion, timely (timely, opportune, suitable for the occasion)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāpta-kāla

prāpta-kāla - having obtained the time, timely, opportune, suitable for the occasion

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – obtained, reached, arrived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `kṛtyam`.

अमन्यत (amanyata) - considered (proper) (thought, considered, believed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject is `duryodhanaḥ`.