महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-30

तावेकरथमारूढौ भ्रातरौ परतापनौ ।
संग्रामशिरसो मध्ये भीमं द्वावभ्यधावताम् ।
यथाम्बुपतिमित्रौ हि तारकं दैत्यसत्तमम् ॥३०॥

30. tāvekarathamārūḍhau bhrātarau paratāpanau ,
saṁgrāmaśiraso madhye bhīmaṁ dvāvabhyadhāvatām ,
yathāmbupatimitrau hi tārakaṁ daityasattamam.

30. tau eka-ratham āruḍhau bhrātarau
para-tāpanau saṃgrāma-śirasaḥ madhye
bhīmam dvau abhyadhāvatām yathā
ambupatimitrau hi tārakam daitya-sattamam

30. tau eka-ratham āruḍhau para-tāpanau
bhrātarau saṃgrāma-śirasaḥ madhye
dvau bhīmam abhyadhāvatām hi yathā
ambupatimitrau daitya-sattamam tārakam

30. Those two brothers, tormentors of enemies, mounted on a single chariot, both rushed towards Bhima in the midst of the battlefield, just as Varuṇa and Mitra [attacked] Tāraka, the best of Daityas.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two

• एक-रथम् (eka-ratham) - a single chariot

• आरुढौ (āruḍhau) - mounted, ascended

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - two brothers

• पर-तापनौ (para-tāpanau) - tormentors of enemies, oppressors of foes

• संग्राम-शिरसः (saṁgrāma-śirasaḥ) - of the forefront of battle, of the head of war

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima (name of a Pāṇḍava)

• द्वौ (dvau) - two, both

• अभ्यधावताम् (abhyadhāvatām) - they both rushed towards, they both ran at

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• अम्बुपतिमित्रौ (ambupatimitrau) - Varuṇa and Mitra (the Adityas)

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the comparison (indeed, surely, because)

• तारकम् (tārakam) - Tāraka (name of a powerful Asura)

• दैत्य-सत्तमम् (daitya-sattamam) - the best of the Daityas

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that

एक-रथम् (eka-ratham) - a single chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka-ratha

eka-ratha - single chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

आरुढौ (āruḍhau) - mounted, ascended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of āruḍha

āruḍha - mounted, ascended

Past Passive Participle

from root `ruh` with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - two brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पर-तापनौ (para-tāpanau) - tormentors of enemies, oppressors of foes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of para-tāpana

para-tāpana - tormenting others, harassing enemies

compound of `para` (enemy) and `tāpana` (causing pain)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tāpana)

• para – other, enemy
  adjective
• tāpana – burning, tormenting, causing pain
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root `tap` with suffix `ana`
  Root: tap (class 1)

संग्राम-शिरसः (saṁgrāma-śirasaḥ) - of the forefront of battle, of the head of war

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of saṃgrāma-śiras

saṁgrāma-śiras - head of battle, forefront of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃgrāma+śiras)

• saṃgrāma – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• śiras – head, top, front
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śrī

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

(indeclinable)

locative of `madhya` used adverbially

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhima (name of a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima, terrible, formidable

Root: bhī (class 3)

द्वौ (dvau) - two, both

(numeral)

अभ्यधावताम् (abhyadhāvatām) - they both rushed towards, they both ran at

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

imperfect

from root `dhāv` with prefix `abhi` and `ā`, 3rd person dual

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

अम्बुपतिमित्रौ (ambupatimitrau) - Varuṇa and Mitra (the Adityas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ambupatimitra

ambupatimitra - Varuṇa and Mitra

Dvandva compound of `ambupati` (lord of waters, i.e., Varuṇa) and `mitra` (Mitra, one of the Adityas)

Compound type : dvandva (ambupati+mitra)

• ambupati – lord of waters, Varuṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• mitra – Mitra (Vedic deity), friend
  proper noun (masculine)

हि (hi) - emphasizes the comparison (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

तारकम् (tārakam) - Tāraka (name of a powerful Asura)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāraka

tāraka - Tāraka (name of an asura), savior

Root: tṛ (class 1)

दैत्य-सत्तमम् (daitya-sattamam) - the best of the Daityas

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daitya-sattama

daitya-sattama - best among Daityas, most excellent Daitya

compound of `daitya` (demon) and `sattama` (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daitya+sattama)

• daitya – son of Diti, a demon
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of `sat` (good)
  Root: as (class 2)