महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-16

तं शिबिः प्रतिविव्याध त्रिंशता निशितैः शरैः ।
सारथिं चास्य भल्लेन स्मयमानो न्यपातयत् ॥१६॥

16. taṁ śibiḥ prativivyādha triṁśatā niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
sārathiṁ cāsya bhallena smayamāno nyapātayat.

16. tam śibiḥ prativivyādha triṃśatā niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ
sārathiṃ ca asya bhallena smayamānaḥ nyapātayat

16. śibiḥ smayamānaḥ tam triṃśatā niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ
prativivyādha ca asya sārathiṃ bhallena nyapātayat

16. Shibi, smiling, retaliated by striking him (Droṇa) with thirty sharp arrows, and with a broad-headed arrow (bhalla), he brought down Droṇa's charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that)

• शिबिः (śibiḥ) - Shibi (proper noun)

• प्रतिविव्याध (prativivyādha) - pierced back, counter-pierced, retaliated by striking

• त्रिंशता (triṁśatā) - with thirty

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• सारथिं (sārathiṁ) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - his (Drona's) (his, of this)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow

• स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling, laughing

• न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - struck down, caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Drona) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

शिबिः (śibiḥ) - Shibi (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śibi

śibi - Shibi

प्रतिविव्याध (prativivyādha) - pierced back, counter-pierced, retaliated by striking

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prativivyādha

Perfect active 3rd singular from root vyadh (class 4) with upasarga prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

त्रिंशता (triṁśatā) - with thirty

(numeral)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (class 4) with upasarga ni, past passive participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

सारथिं (sārathiṁ) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (Drona's) (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, his

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a broad-headed arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - broad-headed arrow

स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling, laughing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayamāna

smayamāna - smiling, laughing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root smi (class 1) with suffix -māna, present middle participle, nominative singular masculine.

Root: smi (class 1)

न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - struck down, caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nyapātayat

Imperfect active 3rd singular of causative of root pat (class 1) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)