महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-130, verse-40

ततोऽभवत्तिमिरघनैरिवावृतं महाभये भयदमतीव दारुणम् ।
निशामुखे बडवृकगृध्रमोदनं महात्मनां नृपवरयुद्धमद्भुतम् ॥४०॥

40. tato'bhavattimiraghanairivāvṛtaṁ; mahābhaye bhayadamatīva dāruṇam ,
niśāmukhe baḍavṛkagṛdhramodanaṁ; mahātmanāṁ nṛpavarayuddhamadbhutam.

40. tataḥ abhavat timira-ghanaiḥ iva āvṛtam
mahā-bhaye bhaya-dam atīva dāruṇam |
niśā-mukhe baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra-modanam
mahā-ātmanām nṛpa-vara-yuddham adbhutam

40. tataḥ niśā-mukhe timira-ghanaiḥ iva āvṛtam,
mahā-bhaye bhaya-dam,
atīva dāruṇam,
baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra-modanam,
mahā-ātmanām nṛpa-vara-yuddham adbhutam abhavat.

40. Then, at the onset of night, there occurred an astonishing and exceedingly terrible battle of the great-souled (mahātman) chief kings, which was as if enveloped by dense darkness, caused great fear, and delighted jackals, wolves, and vultures.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was, it occurred

• तिमिर-घनैः (timira-ghanaiḥ) - by dense darkness, by thick gloom

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

• महा-भये (mahā-bhaye) - in a situation of great fright (in a great danger, in a great fear)

• भय-दम् (bhaya-dam) - fear-giving, terrible, dreadful

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much, extremely

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - dreadful, cruel, terrible

• निशा-मुखे (niśā-mukhe) - at the beginning of night, at dusk

• बड-वृक-गृध्र-मोदनम् (baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra-modanam) - delighting jackals, wolves, and vultures

• महा-आत्मनाम् (mahā-ātmanām) - of the heroic and noble kings (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

• नृप-वर-युद्धम् (nṛpa-vara-yuddham) - battle of chief kings, excellent king's battle

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - amazing, wonderful, extraordinary

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it was, it occurred

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तिमिर-घनैः (timira-ghanaiḥ) - by dense darkness, by thick gloom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of timira-ghana

timira-ghana - dense darkness

Compound type : karmadharaya (timira+ghana)

• timira – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• ghana – dense, thick, dark, cloud
  adjective (masculine)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, surrounded

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, restrained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

महा-भये (mahā-bhaye) - in a situation of great fright (in a great danger, in a great fear)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahā-bhaya

mahā-bhaya - great fear, great danger

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+bhaya)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)

भय-दम् (bhaya-dam) - fear-giving, terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya-da

bhaya-da - fear-giving, causing fear

Krt suffix 'da'

Compound of bhaya (fear) and -da (giver, from root dā 'to give').

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+da)

• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing
  adjective
  Agent suffix
  From the root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much, extremely

(indeclinable)

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - dreadful, cruel, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, cruel, terrible, fierce

निशा-मुखे (niśā-mukhe) - at the beginning of night, at dusk

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of niśā-mukha

niśā-mukha - beginning of night, dusk

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+mukha)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, beginning, front
  noun (neuter)

बड-वृक-गृध्र-मोदनम् (baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra-modanam) - delighting jackals, wolves, and vultures

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra-modana

baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra-modana - delighting jackals, wolves, and vultures

Compound type : tatpurusha (baḍa-vṛka-gṛdhra+modana)

• baḍa – jackal
  noun (masculine)
• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• modana – causing joy, delighting
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun/adjective from causative
  From root mud (to rejoice, be glad), causative modayati, then suffix -ana.
  Root: mud (class 1)

महा-आत्मनाम् (mahā-ātmanām) - of the heroic and noble kings (of the great-souled, of the noble-minded)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted (mahātman)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, mind (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

नृप-वर-युद्धम् (nṛpa-vara-yuddham) - battle of chief kings, excellent king's battle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nṛpa-vara-yuddha

nṛpa-vara-yuddha - battle of excellent kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛpa-vara+yuddha)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• vara – excellent, chief, best
  adjective (masculine)
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yudh (to fight), used as a noun.
  Root: yudh (class 4)

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - amazing, wonderful, extraordinary

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - amazing, wonderful, extraordinary, miraculous