महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-93, verse-4

द्रोणो भीष्मः कृपः शल्यः सौमदत्तिश्च संयुगे ।
न पार्थान्प्रतिबाधन्ते न जाने तत्र कारणम् ॥४॥

4. droṇo bhīṣmaḥ kṛpaḥ śalyaḥ saumadattiśca saṁyuge ,
na pārthānpratibādhante na jāne tatra kāraṇam.

4. droṇaḥ bhīṣmaḥ kṛpaḥ śalyaḥ saumadattiḥ ca saṃyuge
na pārthān pratibādhante na jāne tatra kāraṇam

4. droṇaḥ bhīṣmaḥ kṛpaḥ śalyaḥ saumadattiḥ ca saṃyuge
pārthān na pratibādhante tatra kāraṇam na jāne

4. Droṇa, Bhīṣma, Kṛpa, Śalya, and Saumadatti (Bhuriśravas) do not hinder the Pārthas in battle. I do not know the reason for that.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya, the martial guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas (Droṇa (proper name))

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, a great warrior. (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpacharya, one of the gurus and warriors for the Kauravas. (Kṛpa (proper name))

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King of the Madras, maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, but fought for the Kauravas. (Śalya (proper name))

• सौमदत्तिः (saumadattiḥ) - Bhuriśravas, a Kaurava ally and great warrior. (son of Somadatta)

• च (ca) - and

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

• न (na) - not, no

• पार्थान् (pārthān) - Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira (the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

• प्रतिबाधन्ते (pratibādhante) - they obstruct, they hinder, they oppose

• न (na) - not, no

• जाने (jāne) - I know

• तत्र (tatra) - for that (reason) (there, in that matter)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, motive

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Dronacharya, the martial guru of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas (Droṇa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a proper name, the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Subject of `pratibādhante`.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The grand-uncle of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas, a great warrior. (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a proper name, son of Śāntanu and Gaṅgā)

Means "terrible, formidable".

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of `pratibādhante`.

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpacharya, one of the gurus and warriors for the Kauravas. (Kṛpa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a proper name, a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

Note: Subject of `pratibādhante`.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King of the Madras, maternal uncle of the Pāṇḍavas, but fought for the Kauravas. (Śalya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (a proper name, King of Madra)

Means "dart, spear".

Root: śal (class 1)

Note: Subject of `pratibādhante`.

सौमदत्तिः (saumadattiḥ) - Bhuriśravas, a Kaurava ally and great warrior. (son of Somadatta)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumadatti

saumadatti - son of Somadatta; Bhuriśravas (a Kuru warrior)

Patronymic from Somadatta.

Note: Subject of `pratibādhante`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects the list of warriors.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, conflict

From `sam-` + root `yuj` (to join, to fight).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

Note: Negates `pratibādhante`.

पार्थान् (pārthān) - Arjuna, Bhīma, Yudhiṣṭhira (the Pārthas (sons of Pṛthā/Kuntī))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

Note: Object of `pratibādhante`.

प्रतिबाधन्ते (pratibādhante) - they obstruct, they hinder, they oppose

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of pratibādh

Present

From prefix `prati-` and root `bādh` (to oppress, distress).

Prefix: prati

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

Note: Negates `jāne`.

जाने (jāne) - I know

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of jñā

Present

From root `jñā` (class 9).

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत्र (tatra) - for that (reason) (there, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `tad`.

Note: Refers to the reason for them not hindering.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, motive

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + `-ana` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `jāne`.